1. Chapter 23 sec. 3 Unifying Italy
Mr. Marsh
Columbus North High School

2. Obstacles to Italian Unity
Italy has not been unified since the Roman Empire
People considered themselves part of their city, not as part of a bigger Italy
People from Florence = Tuscans
People from Venice = Venetians
Italy was just a geographic term
Nationalist movement started just as it did in Germany, with the invasion of Napoleon

4. Mazzini Nationalist leader in the early 1830s
1849 helped to lead a revolution in the republic of Rome
Quickly defeated by French military
After his defeat antagonist movements started to pick up all across Italy
It made sense, common language and history

6. Struggle for Italy
1848 Nationalist leadership passed to the kingdom of Sardinia under the rule of a constitutional monarch, Victor Emmanuel II
In 1852 Emmanuel II made Count Camillo Cavour his prime minister
Just as Bismarck pushed to unify Germany Cavour will lead in Italy

7. Struggle for Italy Intrigue with France
In 1855 Cavour joined Britain and France in the Crimean War
Even though Italy gained no new territories after the war, they gained much respect
1858 Cavour negotiated with Napoleon III to aid Sardinia in a war with Austria

8. Struggle for Italy Garibaldi’s Red Shirts
Next step in Unifying Italy was the island of Sicily
Garibaldi a long time nationalist and close friend of Mazzini
Garibaldi wanted a republic in Italy and when Cavour offered him weapons and ships Garibaldi accepted
Very quickly Garibaldi won over Sicily and moved north towards the city of Naples

10. Struggle for Italy Unity at Last
Cavour was surprised at how quickly Garibaldi was able to conquer Sicily.
Cavour feared that Garibaldi would create a Southern Republic
Garibaldi however handed over the new lands to Cavour and Emmanuel II
1861 Emmanuel II is crowned King of Italy
During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 France had to remove troops from Rome ending the French control of Italy

11. Challenges Facing the New Nation
Just as Bismarck struggled so will the new Italy
Divisions
Major regional differences
North wealthy major Cities
South rural farm land
Struggles with the Catholic church and the new Italy leads to the creation of the Papal state of the Vatican City
Early popes saw this as a “prison”

13. Challenges Facing the New Nation Turmoil and Progress
Under Emmanuel Italy was a constitutional Monarch with a two house legislative body
The upper house was selected by the King and could veto and action made by the peoples selected lower house
Despite the problems by the early 1900s the Italian economy was growing
Education increased as did working conditions