1. The Republic of China (Taiwan)

2. Republic of China 1912 First republic in Asia
First president: Sun Yat-sen ( )

3. ROC Constitution (1946)
First constitutional president ( ): Chiang Kai-shek ( )
Defeated by CCP in 1949
Retreated to Taiwan
Authoritarian rule for a quarter century

4. ROC Government President (4-year term after 1996) The Five ``Yuan”:
Executive Yuan
Legislative Yuan
Judicial Yuan
Examination Yuan
Control Yuan
2 Provinces and 18 counties

5. Taiwan before 1949
Immigration from mainland China for centuries (Fujian and Hakka)
1885, Qing government promoted Taiwan from prefecture to province
1895, ceded to Japan
1945, returned to Republic of China
``Taiwanese” versus ``mainlanders”
Fujian 70%, Hakka 15%, ``mainlanders” 13%

6. Taiwan & Islands
Area: 13,900 square miles
Population: 23 million

7. Chiang Kai-shek’s Rule
Popular elections at the basic level
Land reform
9-year compulsory education
Economic take-off from 1960s
Export processing zones attract foreign direct investment
Industrialization strengthens manufacturing sector

8. Chiang’s One-China Policy
``Mainland was temporarily usurped by communist bandits”
``Gloriously retake the mainland”
Refused diplomatic relations with any country that recognized PRC
ROC was a permanent member of UN Security Council until 1971

9. Lee Teng-hui ( )
Succeeded Chiang Kai-shek’s son as president of ROC and chairman of GMD in 1988
Became the first popularly elected president of ROC in 1996
Helped Democratic Progressive Party gain power in 2000

10. Chen Shui-bian ( )
Leader of the pro-independent Democratic Progressive Party
President of ROC
Prisoner #2630 since

14. Diplomatic Tug of War
162 countries recognize PRC (Beijing) as the legitimate government of China
8 (’49) 32 (’59) 49 (’69) 113 (’79) 129 (’89)
29 countries recognize ROC (Taipei) as the legitimate government of China

15. US Official Policy
US government shifted diplomatic recognition from ROC to PRC in 1979
US congress passed Taiwan Relations Act in 1979
American Institute in Taiwan
Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Offices in US

16. Economic Ties
Trade and investment expanded rapidly despite restrictions by ROC government
Workaround: Hong Kong and Macau
``Three links”:
mail, transportation, and trade
Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) was signed in 2010

17. In 2012, Taiwan’s exports to Mainland China was $132 billion, and imports from Mainland China was $37 billion.