Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byΝέμεσις Παπάγος Modified over 6 years ago
1
What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
Which one does bacteria belong to? Which term do the animal and plant cells fall in?
2
WARM-UP #8: Cell Theory Video http://www. youtube. com/watch
Who are the contributing scientists and what did they contribute for the Cell Theory?
3
CELLS
4
Cell Structure and Function I
Chapter 7-1, 7-2 Study Guide Pg
5
Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3. New cells are produced from existing cells
6
Basic Structure of a Cell
7
Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms
Cells (can mostly) be observed under microscope Basic forms of cells:Prokaryote and Eukaryote Bacterial Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell
8
Cell Exploration Light Microscopes Living organisms can be seen
Light limits the resolution so extremely small things like proteins and viruses cannot be observed
9
Cell Exploration High resolution video technology
Allows scientists to see time elapsed movies of cells as the grow, divide and develop.
10
Cell Exploration Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEMs)
Can see more detail and extremely small structures Beams of electrons must pass through ultra-thin sliced samples therefore no living things can be seen
11
Number of Cells Organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell
Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize
12
Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Prokaryotes include bacteria that lack a nucleus or without membrane bound structures called organelles. Eukaryotes include most other cells and have a nucleus that is membrane bound and membrane-bound organelles (plants, fungi, & animals).
13
Prokaryotes Nucleoid region contains the DNA Cell membrane & cell wall
Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm
14
Eukaryotic Cell Contain 3 basic cell structures: Nucleus Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm with organelles
15
Two Main Examples of Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cell Plant Cell
16
Organelles Very small size Can only be observed under a microscope
Have specific functions Found throughout cytoplasm
17
Organelles Found in Cells
Examples of Organelles include: Endoplasmic reticulum (rough & smooth) – canals for movement Golgi Bodies – wrap & export proteins Nucleolus – makes ribosomes Lysosomes – digests & gets rid of wastes Ribosomes – makes proteins
18
Golgi Bodies Stacks of flattened sacs
Have a shipping side & a receiving side Receive & modify proteins made by ER Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends Transport vesicle
19
Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes
Break down food and worn out cell parts for cells Programmed for cell death (lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts)
20
Nucleolus Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Inside nucleus
Disappears when cell divides Makes ribosomes that make proteins
21
Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes & makes proteins USED In the cell Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT
22
Cell Powerhouse Mitochondrion ( mitochondria ) Rod shape
Site of Cellular respiration
23
In Animal Cells: Mitochondria
Active cells like muscles have more mitochondria Burn sugars to produce energy ATP
24
Cell or Plasma Membrane
Cell membrane Living layer Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell Selectively permeable
25
Cytoplasm of a Cell Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place
26
Control Organelle Nucleus Controls the normal activities of the cell
Bounded by a nuclear membrane Contains chromosomes
27
Plant Cell Organelles Chloroplast
Contain the green pigment chlorophyll Traps sunlight to make to make sugars (food) Process called photosynthesis
28
Plant Cell Cell wall Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm) Resist entry of excess water into the cell Give shape to the cell
29
Plant Cell Organelles Vacuole Have a large central vacuole
Surrounded by tonoplast Contains cell sap Sugars, proteins, minerals, wastes, & pigments
30
Different kinds of plant cells
Onion Epidermal Cells Root Hair Cell root hair Guard Cells
31
Animal cell No cell wall or chloroplast
vacuole cytoplasm No cell wall or chloroplast Stores glycogen in the cytoplasm for food energy nucleus mitochondrion cell membrane glycogen granule
32
Animal Cell Organelles
Near the nucleus Paired structures Help cell divide
33
Different kinds of animal cells
white blood cell red blood cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell muscle cell Amoeba Paramecium
34
Similarities between plant cells and animal cells
Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm Both have a nucleus Both contain mitochondria
35
Differences between plant cells and animal cells
Relatively smaller in size Relatively larger in size Irregular shape Regular shape No cell wall Cell wall present
36
Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells
Vacuole small or absent Large central vacuole Glycogen as food storage Starch as food storage Nucleus at the center Nucleus near cell wall
37
Compound Microscope Instrument for observing small objects
Magnify images up to 2000X their size
38
Different parts of a microscope
39
Revolving nosepiece Eyepiece Body tube Objective Coarse adjustment Clip Fine adjustment Arm Condenser Stage Iris diaphragm Condenser control knob Mirror Base
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.