1. Study on indicators measuring the implementation, protection, respect and promotion of children's rights in the European Union: Preliminary Findings Ioannis Dimitrakopoulous Helmut Sax Helen Stalford

2. Research Phases Phase I: Mapping the conceptual framework – International childrens rights – EU Law and Policy – Sociology of Childhood – Indicators research Phase II: Expert Consultation – Online Discussion Forum – Online Survey – Consultation Meeting – One-to-one interviews Phase II: Drafting Indicators

3. Selection and Scope of the indicators 1.The issue falls within EU competence 2.EU added value to developing indicators in this area 3.Expressed priorities of children and young people 4.Prevalence or urgency Other relevant factors: Existence and accessibility/comparability of data Political support at national, EU and international level

4. The Rights of the Child and the Family Environment The Right of the Child to an adequate standard of living The Right of the Child to Protection from Exploitation and Violence The Right of the Child to Education

5. PHENOMENON: What are we seeking to measure? Whether and to what extent EU law and policy is impacting upon childrens rights in a positive way Whether EU law and policy espouse and reinforce the childrens rights principles and practices of the UN CRC Whether and to what extent these practices and principles are appropriately discharged at the national level

6. CONCEPT: How can this phenomenon be defined? Child Participation Accessibility and adaptability Capacity Best Interests

7. Examples of proposed child rights indicators Focus area: child right to protection from exploitation and violence

8. Approach On selection of this focus area: – Protective rights as one of CRCs major categories of rights – Clear concern for EU legislation and policy

9. Example: CR indicators on child exploitation and violence Child rights framework, including: CRC Articles 32ff (economic and sexual exploitation, sale of children); 19, 37 (protection from all forms of violence, exploitation, torture and other forms of maltreatment), 39 (rehabilitation), 2,3,6,12 (CRC general principles) CRC Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (2000) CEDAW (1979), Disability Convention (2006) UN Trafficking Protocol ILO Convention No. 182 Worst Forms of Child Labour (1999) CoE Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings (2005) CoE Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (2007) CoE European Convention on Human Rights (1950), CoE Revised European Social Charter (1996) EU framework, including: Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000) Article 29 TEU Council Framework Decision 2002/629/JHA on combating trafficking in human beings Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA on combating the sexual exploitation of children and child pornography Council Directive 94/33/EC on the protection of young people at work Council Resolution 2001/C 283/01 on the contribution of civil society in finding missing or sexually exploited children [Safer Internet Programme (2009-2013)], [Daphne III Programme] Identification of key domains – Sexual and economic exploitation – Child trafficking – Violence against children

10. Sub-domain: child exploitation Indicator presentation format: Child rights concept StructureProcessOutcome Data sources Child participationEXV23: policy with children CRC reporting, NPAs, Child/ youth surveys Accessibility and Adaptability EXV19: health care for prostitutes CRC reporting, NPAs Capacity buildingEXV26: online safety at school Curriculum reviews, Child/ youth surveys Best interests and accountability EXV27: detection mech for children at risk of econ exploit. EXV20: sex tourism cases prosecuted ILO, UNICEF, ECPAT, nat.. crime statistics

11. Sub-domain: child exploitation Indicators: Child Participation: EXV23: Existence of a policy on care and psychological support to children victim of child abuse images/child pornography, which directly involved children concerned Accessibility and adaptability: EXV19: Specialized health care (including free HIV testing) available for children exploited in prostitution, with disaggregation Capacity building: EXV26: "Online safety" as a mandatory part of the regular school curriculum (starting at the same time as training on use of computer and internet starts) Best interests and accountability: EXV27: Existence of disaggregated data collection and detection mechanism to identify children at risk of economic exploitation EXV20: Number (with disaggregation) of cases prosecuted under extraterritorial legislation addressing "sex tourism"

12. Sub-domain: child trafficking Indicator presentation format: Child rights concept StructureProcessOutcome Data sources Child participationEXV10: formalised BID process with children Legal analysis, CRC reporting, Child/ youth surveys Accessibility and Adaptability EXV9: law - no detention for trafficking victims EXV14: local community involv. in prevention Legal analysis, CRC reporting, NPAs, SCEP reports Capacity buildingEXV4: identifi- cation training for professionals CRC reporting, curriculum reviews, Best interests and accountability EXV6: law - legal guardian ensured EXV5: data protection policy EXV12: child trafficking cases prosecuted UNICEF, ILO, IOM, FRA, legal analysis, national crime statistics

13. Issues for further consideration Further areas for indicator development and CRC Committee clustering Availability of data and disaggregation Comparability of data Multitude of indicator efforts Further use of indicators and expected policy impact Learning process - further feedback on the indicators welcome: – stalford@liverpool.ac.uk – helmut.sax@univie.ac.at