1. Introduction to Software Development and Design
CSCI 101
A lot of this stolen straight out of the Technology in Action book.

2. “When human beings acquired language, we learned not just how to listen but how to speak. When we gained literacy, we learned not just how to read but how to write. And as we move into an increasingly digital reality, we must learn not just how to use programs but how to make them.”
Douglas Rushkoff

3. Learning Objectives
Learn the step-by-step thinking that characterizes writing computer programs
Learn the ideas behind programming techniques

4. Types of Software Application Software Business Software
Microsoft Word, Photoshop
Cell Phone Apps
Business Software
Inventory and Shipping control
Financial Analysis
Embedded Software
Cell Phone OS, iPod
car engine
Games
Most of the money goes into the business software category. But, more and more money is going into running new personal devices.

5. Creation of Software

6. Software Terminology Algorithm: Programming: Debugging:
set of steps that describe what the program must do
written in English
Programming:
turning an algorithm into an English-like language the computer can understand
there are lots of programming languages
also know as "coding"
Debugging:
Testing the software to find and remove errors
This information is similar to what is in the book.
The main idea is that software developers use a series of tools to turn their algorithm into a runable program.

7. How Programming Works Development Environment Algorithm
Analyze the Problem
and Design a Solution
Programming
Program
Source Code
Development
Environment
Software Translates the Source Code
into Machine Code (1s and 0s)

8. Example: average a list
Input:
an unknown amount of positive numbers
-1 to stop the list
Output:
the average
Processing:
read numbers until the user enters "-1"
total up all the numbers
print the average (total divided by count)
stop

9. The Algorithm Information to Track: number that was input
Prompt the user
Get First number
Is it -1
Yes
Print
total / count No
add number to total
add one to count
Information to Track:
number that was input
count of numbers
total of all numbers
Get Next number

10. Loop to add up the sum and count the number of inputs
The Source Code
main () { integer: value, count, sum; print "Enter your numbers"; input value; while (value <> -1) sum = sum + value; count = count + 1; end while; print "Average = ", sum/count; }
Ask the OS
for memory
Prompt User
Get 1st number
Loop to add up the sum and count the number of inputs
Print the average

11. Testing the Program Test #1: Test #2: 25 35 30 -1 Average = 30 -1
input: 25 35 30 -1
output:
Average = 30
result:
test passed
Test #2:
input: -1
output:
fatal error
result:
test failed
tried to print 0/0

12. Specialties within Computer Science
Web Application Design
Networking and Computer Security
Graphics
Artificial Intelligence
Database Analysis
This is a sales pitch for computer science as a major.
Watson, the Jeopardy playing supercomputer from IBM is a good example of AI

13. Software Industry in the U.S.
Current Job Market?
"software engineer" tops the Money Magazine Best Jobs list
software development in U.S. is a $150Billion business
Who hires CS graduates?
Any company that owns a computer.
How much do CS graduates make?
starting salary = $45K to $58K
average software engineer = $80K to $150K
continuation of the sales pitch: there are LOTS of good paying CS jobs

14. Future Software Trends
Continued Movement to the Web
Delivering Services to Home and Mobile
Entertainment, Banking, Information
New Services
e.g. Google Medical
Handheld Devices
multi-media / intelligent / interconnected
Unknown
integration of devices

15. Software Design with GameMaker

16. Game Design Development
Concept
Design
Develop
Publish
Brainstorming
Define purpose/goals
Audience
Idea Evaluation
Write Storyline
Write Scripts
Conditions/Variables
Schedule tasks
Build/find sprites
Build Objects
Write Conditional statements
Build Rooms
TEST/Evaluate
Write player instructions
Write tips/cheat sheets
Sell
Make millions of $$$$

17. Game Concept
GOAL - Games need to have a Goal for the player to work toward.
CHALLENGE: needed to keep the game interesting and engaging for the player.
Ex: increase difficulty as player progresses.

18. Game Design
ROOMS - A digital game takes place in a virtual environment laid out in Rooms. There may be one or many rooms. This environment may be a castle, forest, racetrack, or underwater cave.
ENHANCEMENT - Sounds and Backgrounds may be added to enhance the environment and gameplay experience.

19. Game Objects
The player interacts with the game Objects (other characters, food, weapons, potions, cars, fuel, puzzle pieces, obstacles, currency, etc.) to attain this Goal.
Object contains BOTH:
GRAPHIC: An Object’s appearance is determined by the image or digital picture the developer assigns to it. The image is called a Sprite.
BEHAVIOR: An Object’s behavior is determined by events and actions (Conditional Statements )

20. Game Objects: Events-Actions
During gameplay, certain Events will happen and cause specific Actions to take place (Ex: If Player collides with enemy, then 1 Life is lost).
Some objects react to player input (keyboard, mouse) and to other objects.
Consider the relationships with real-world physics and how a computer must be told to demonstrate them on the screen.

21. Conditional Statements
Cause and Affect in gaming is accomplished by CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
IF cause THEN effect
In gaming, the “cause” is called an Event and the “effect” is called an Action.
IF event THEN action

22. Mapping these concepts to Computer Science Theory

23. Object-Oriented Programming
Each object has properties and behaviors encapsulated inside of it.
This entire collection of properties and behaviors
can be referenced through the object name
properties
Image – Sprite
behaviors
Creation Behavior – Start moving
Collision Behavior – Bounce
Left Mouse Behavior – Increase Score
Bounce

24. Event Programming
Building behaviors is an example of Event Programming
Wait for some specific Event to happen
Perform some action(s) in response to it.

25. Events for the Apple Object
ACTION(S)
Creation
Start moving
Collide with Wall Object
Bounce
Bounce
Increase Score
Left Mouse

26. Key Points The computer only knows as much as you tell it
The game is created by defining a set of instructions or conditional statements for the computer to follow.
Computer instructions must be clearly defined and appropriately sequenced, or an undesired outcome may result.

27. Fruit Snatcher Game Design
Game Description
Fruits move randomly around the room; bouncing off the wall
When the left mouse clicks on the fruit, the score is increased by 5 and the fruit jumps to a new location
Objects
Apple
Banana
Cherry
Bomb
Wall

28. Game Design Assignment
Development Team List team members (first and last official name) and expectations of how you will work together... Title: (1 pt) Determine the name of your game... Description (7 pts) Describe the game. State the purpose of the game, give a high level walkthrough in words of the characters, locations, tasks etc. that the player will encounter as they progress through the game, the method of winning or losing the game... Determine the Game Play (10 pts) Within the game, what goals should be accomplished? How does the player advance to the next level or acquire new skills in the game? What challenges will the player face when trying to accomplish these goals? Describe the mechanics of how the player actually plays the game; associate user controls with user actions (keyboard/gamepad controls). Room Map (5 pts) How many rooms are in the game? You should have at least two. How are rooms structured or ordered? Provide a map of the 'physical layout' of the game showing how different physical locations or rooms are ordered and/or connect to each other.
Game Design Assignment
Sounds (3 pts) What are the audio requirements of the game? Background music, alert sounds for particular events or actions, general background noise? If you don’t know what sounds you’ll use, tell how you will work on getting them. Backgrounds (3 pts) What backgrounds will you need? If you don’t know what backgrounds you’ll use, tell how you will work on getting them. Objects Needed (10 pts) What objects need to be defined? It may be useful to break the objects down into subcategories - player character, 'non- player characters' (e.g. 'monsters'), room objects (walls, doors), scoring/health objects (treasure, fuel pellets, first aid kits etc.), controller objects etc. Events/actions (5 pts) For each object, list the associated events. For each event list the associated actions. What rules does the game implement?