1. Shapes of States Advantages vs Disadvantages

2. ELONGATED STATE: State that is geographically long and narrow
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Long and narrow country lends itself to a good amount of ports for shipping
Difficult to govern, defend, and travel within the country

3. EXAMPLE: VIETNAM

4. COMPACT STATE: Distance from the center to the borders does not vary
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Easier to maintain, defend, and travel through
May lack cultural diversity due to general size

5. EXAMPLE: HUNGARY

6. FRAGMENTED STATE: States that are divided, either physically or by borders
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Difficult to invade
Access to varied resources
Difficult to defend
Difficult to unify

7. EXAMPLE: INDONESIA

8. PERFORATED STATE: State that completely surrounds another state
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Able to dictate actions of enclosed state easily
Can lead to internal tension and problems with enclosed state

9. EXAMPLE: SOUTH AFRICA

10. PRORUPTED STATE: States that have an Elongated portion but otherwise are Compact
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Access to resources and trade not dependent on other countries
Fairly easy to be invaded by foreign countries

11. EXAMPLE: NAMIBIA

12. LANDLOCKED STATE: State with no direct access to the ocean
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Smaller borders to defend from foreign nations
Dependent on neighboring countries for trade

13. EXAMPLE: BOLIVIA

14. ENCLAVE: State completely surrounded by another state
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Smaller size makes it easier to manage
Tensions between surrounding country and enclave (war can easily happen)

15. EXAMPLE: LESOTHO

16. EXCLAVE: Part of a State that is separated from the main state
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Gives a state more access to resources
Harder to manage and govern at times (especially when exclave is farther away from main state)

17. EXAMPLE: TASMANIA