1. Copy the following into Your Notebook
Federalism – (allow 3 lines for a definition)
1. What were Federalists?
2. What were Antifederalists?
3. Who were the leading Federalists?
4. Who were the leading Antifederalists?
5. What reasons did the Federalists give to defend their views on ratification?
6. What reasons did the Antifederalists give to defend their views on ratification?

2. Lesson 8.3: Ratifying the Constitution

3. Essential Question
What were the problems that were faced and met in getting the new Constitution ratified.

4. VOCABULARY ratify: to approve in an official way; confirm.
ratification:
the process of getting official public approval of a new law or policy.
Federalism:
a system of government that unites several states under a central government.
aristocracy:
any group or set of people thought to be superior to others.

5. MORE VOCABULARY Federalist: Anti-Federalist:
a citizen who believes in the creation of a strong central government.
Anti-Federalist:
a citizen, or sympathizer that opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution
bill of rights:
formal list of the basic rights of the people

6. EVEN MORE VOCABULARY amend:
to change or add to a law, contract, or other document.
amendment:
an official change made to a bill, law, or other document

7. What We Already Know
In 1787, many Americans still remembered how hard they had to fight to regain their
rights from a government that was denying them their basic rights.

8. What We Already Know
When the Articles of Confederation failed to provide a government strong enough to meet the needs the country state
delegates met to
create a new constitution and a more effective national government.

9. What We Already Know
Although compromises were reached on major issues to create new constitution, the various debates showed that the
delegates themselves had strong differences of opinion about how the government should work.

10. Be prepared to share your answers
A and B Discuss
Through hard work the ‘framers of the Constitution” have put together a new government. Their next step is get the support for the new government from the people in their states. What opposition do you think they might experience?
Be prepared to share your answers
with the class.

11. Federalists vs Anti-Federalists
From the very beginning, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention knew that the most difficult task ahead was to devise a system of government that was strong enough to protect the rights of the
citizens, but not too strong that it
could not be
controlled by the
citizens.

12. Federalists vs Anti-Federalists
The framers of the Constitution suspected that the people might be afraid the Constitution would take too much power away from the states.

13. Federalists vs Anti-Federalists
Framers of the Constitution explained that it was based on federalism, meaning that the powers of government are
shared between the national government and the state governments.

14. Federalists vs Anti-Federalists
As expected, there developed a divide between those who supported the new constitution and a stronger Federal
government (the Federalists), and those who opposed a stronger central government, (the Anti-Federalists.)

15. Federalists vs Anti-Federalists
Both Federalists and the Anti-Federalists believed that the government was too weak under the Articles of Confederation.
They disagreed over just how much power should be taken from the states and transferred to the national government.

16. Federalists vs Anti-Federalists
The leading Federalists were..
James
Madison
Alexander
Hamilton
John
Jay

17. Federalists vs Anti-Federalists
The leading Anti-Federalists were..
George
Mason
Patrick
Henry

18. What the Federalists Wanted
Taking some power from the states and giving it to the national government.
Divide power among different government branches.
A single person to lead the Executive Branch.

19. The Anti-Federalists
The Anti-Federalists were fearful of any big government.
They feared a strong executive might become king.
They feared a strong legislative branch would lead to an aristocracy.

20. The Federalists
The Federalists wanted a strong central government with the powers of government to be divided between three branches. They also wanted the executive
branch to be strong enough to enforce federal laws in all the states, especially the collection of taxes and tariffs.

21. The Federalist Papers
The Federalists wrote essays to answer the Anti-Federalists’ attacks. These essays, known as the Federalist Papers, were written by James Madison,
Alexander Hamilton
and John Jay

22. The Federalist Papers
In The Federalist papers, the authors appealed to reason and emotion, explaining why people should support ratification. These
essays were published in newspapers, so all the people could read them.

23. Federalists vs Anti-Federalists
Most of the newspapers of the time supported the Constitution.
Even so, there was strong opposition to ratification in New York, Virginia. Massachusetts, North Carolina, and Rhode Island.

24. Get your sticks ready.

25. What were the basic beliefs of the Federalist?
A. Federalists felt the Articles of Confederation had created a weak government.
B. They believed that power should be shared between the federal government and the states.
C. Federalists thought the Constitution took too much power away from the states.
D. Federalists were suspicious of the Constitution because it contained no bill of rights.
(Choose all that are correct.)

26. (Choose all that are correct.)
What advantage did Federalists have over Anti-Federalists in the debate over ratification?
A. Federalists had better funding to promote their position.
B. Most newspapers supported the Constitution, and gave the Federalists more publicity.
C. The words “Anti-Federalist” seemed very negative and got less support.
D. Most people remembering Shays’ Rebellion were already in favor of a stronger central government.
(Choose all that are correct.)

27. What were the beliefs of the Anti-Federalist?
A. They believed a bill of rights should be added to the Constitution.
B. Believed one person to head the Executive branch would lead to a monarchy.
C. They thought the Constitution took too much power away from the states.
D. They believed in a strong Executive branch that could enforce laws and collect taxes and tariffs.
(Choose all that are correct.)

28. What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?
A. List the reasons for opposition to the Constitution.
B. Give an interpretation of the Constitution so that the people would support it.
C. Propose a monetary system that would help raise money to pay off the war debt.
D. Outline a new tax system whereby tariffs between states for certain goods was suspended.
(Choose all that are correct.)

29. Be prepared to share your answers
A and B Discuss
If you were a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, what suggestions might you have made to make the Constitution more acceptable to the general public?
Be prepared to share your answers
with the class.

30. The Battle for Ratification
would have to
vote in favor
of ratification.
The Delegates to the Constitutional Convention agreed that to ratify the Constitution, nine of the thirteen states

31. The Battle for Ratification
There was strong opposition to ratification in Massachusetts, North Carolina, Rhode Island, New York, and Virginia.
If some of these states failed to ratify the Constitution, the United States might not survive.

32. The Battle for Ratification
By June 1788, nine of the thirteen states had voted in favor, and the Constitution was ratified. However, four states had not yet ratified; Virginia, New York, Rhode and North Carolina.

33. The Battle for Ratification
Without the two most populated states, Virginia and New York, to vote for the
Constitution, there was no way for the new country to survive.

34. The Battle for Ratification
Patrick Henry and George Mason, both delegates from Virginia, refused to support the Constitution until a bill of rights was added.
George Mason
Patrick
Henry

35. The Battle for Ratification
James Madison convinced his fellow Virginians to ratify the Constitution by promising that a bill of rights would be added later.
With Madison’s promise, New York said they too would ratify.

36. Get your sticks ready.

37. (Choose all that are correct.)
What did it take to get George Mason and Patrick Henry to support ratification of the Constitution?
A. A promise that slavery would not be interfered with.
B. A promise of a Bill of Rights.
C. A promise that states would have equal input into electing judges to the Supreme Court.
D. A promise of trade between states with tariffs.
(Choose all that are correct.)

38. Opposition to ratification came from…
A. Southern states
B. Northern states
C. Small states
D. Large States
E. There was no set pattern.

39. The Battle for Ratification
By the time the Constitution was ratified most of the states showed an interest in having a bill of rights.
Many believed a bill of rights was needed to protect people against the power of the national government.

40. The Bill of Rights
James Madison opposed a bill of rights, but feared that another Constitutional Convention would undo much of the work he had done on the Constitution up to that
point.

41. The Bill of Rights
Madison came prepared to the first session of the United States Congress. He prepared his amendments to the Constitution.
The first he introduced was religious freedom.

42. The Bill of Rights
Madison’s First Amendment says that “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.”

43. The Bill of Rights
Both Jefferson and Madison were strong supporters of freedom of religion.
Jefferson’s Statute for Religious Freedom had made religious freedom a right for all Virginians since 1786

44. The Bill of Rights
The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom assured that “no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place or ministry whatsoever,” and that “all men shall be
free to profess, and by argument to maintain, their opinion in matters of religion.”

45. The Bill of Rights
While Jefferson’s Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom assured all Virginians religious freedom, it also banned any type of tax support for any religious group.

46. The Bill of Rights
Although Patrick Henry was strongly committed to religious freedom, Henry opposed Jefferson’s plan of total
separation of church and state, and instead favored tax support of all recognized religious groups.

47. The Bill of Rights
James Madison went on to introduce nine other amendments which were debated, and edited in Congress.
These ten amendments to the Constitution became our Bill of Rights.

48. Father of the Constitution
No one man did more to bring the Constitution to life than James Madison. He worked behind the scenes on the Virginia plan, promoted
ratification by writing
for the Federalist Papers, got the state of Virginia to finally support the Constitution …and later wrote the Bill of Rights.

49. Get your sticks ready.

50. What is the Bill of Rights? (Choose all that are correct.)
A. It is a name for the first ten amendments to the Constitution protecting the basic rights of individual freedoms.
B. It is the preamble (introduction) to the constitution.
C. It outlines some of the differences between the rights granted to the state and those granted to the Federal government.
D. All of the above.
(Choose all that are correct.)

51. What was the significance of the Bill of Rights?
A. It was the key to getting enough support to ensure ratification of the Constitution.
B. James Madison first gained national attention by writing them.
C. Opposition to it made friends of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams.
D. It was the first set of changes made to the Articles of Confederation.
(Choose all that are correct.)

52. In which of the following ways are we indebted to James Madison.
A. He helped write the Virginia Plan giving us a bicameral legislative branch of government.
B. He helped get the constitution ratified by promising the addition of a Bill of Rights.
C. Much of what we know about the Constitutional Convention is due to the careful notes Madison took of the proceedings.
D. He drafted the Bill of Rights
E. All of the above.
(Choose all that are correct.)

53. Be prepared to share your answers
A and B Discuss
Freedom of religion was just one of the ten amendments made by James Madison. How many can you and your partner come up with? Think back to some of the objections the colonists had living under British rule.
Be prepared to share your answers
with the class.

54. Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion
Bill of Rights
Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion
Right to keep and bear arms
Conditions for quarters of soldiers
Rights of search and seizure
Rights under persecution
Right to a fair and speedy trial
Right to a trail by jury
Protection from cruel of unusual punishment
Rule of the constitution
States rights under the constitution.