1. Battle of Bull Run (Manassas I)
The outcome of the battle shocked the North.
Northerners would soon come to the understanding the war would be long, difficult and costly.
Volunteers soon would crowd into offices.

2. Battle of Bull Run (Manassas I)
Lincoln was determined and soon called for more volunteers.
Lincoln signed a bill authorizing the call up of over 1,000,000 men who would serve for 3 years.

3. War at Sea
Even before the Battle of Bull Run, Lincoln ordered Confederate ports blockaded.
An effective blockade would prevent the south from exporting cotton and importing supplies that would aid the South.

4. Enforcing the Blockade
At the beginning of the war the North did not have enough ships to blockade the entire 3,500 mile coastline of the South.

5. Enforcing the Blockade
Many Confederate ships called Blockade Runners could sail in and out of ports unencumbered.

6. Enforcing the Blockade
Over time the North built more ships choking off ports and were better able to enforce the blockade.

7. Enforcing the Blockade
Although the blockade could never completely shut down the ports, it reduced trade by more than two-thirds causing serious problems for the South.

8. The Monitor vs. The Merrimack
Southerners did not intend to let the blockades go unchallenged.
The Confederates seized and salvaged a Union ship the Merrimack from the naval shipyard in Norfolk, VA.

9. The Monitor vs. The Merrimack
The Confederates rebuilt the wooden ship, covered it with thick iron plates and renamed it the Virginia.

10. The Monitor vs. The Merrimack
On 8 March 1862 the ironclad warship attacked a group of Union Ships off the coast of Virginia.
The North’s wooden ships could do any damage to this ironclad ship. Shells simply bounced off its sides.

11. The Monitor vs. The Merrimack
Some Northerners thought the South would use this ship to destroy much of Union Navy, sail up the Potomac River and bombard Washington DC.

12. The Monitor vs. The Merrimack
But the Union had its own ironclad, the Monitor.
The Monitor rushed South to engage the Virginia.

13. The Monitor vs. The Merrimack
On 9 March 1862 both ironclads exchanged fire, but neither ship could damage the other.
The Monitor was able to keep the Virginia in its harbor, making the South’s ironclad useless.

14. The Monitor vs. The Merrimack
This battle marked the first use of metal – covered ships bring in a new age naval warfare.