1. Collision and Safety Features
NV Driver Education Curriculum
Unit 5: Natural Laws and Car Control in Adverse Conditions
Presentation 5 of 6
TOPICS:
Types of Crashes
The 3 Collisions
Safety Features

2. Montana Dept of Transportation
Room to Live Videos
Fox News
Room to Live
(7:48)
Montana Dept of Transportation
Room to Live
(13:00)
Click on web address to access video clips
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YouTube image from:
MT image from:
Retrieved: 10/21/10

3. Types of Crashes There are six types of crash scenarios:
Frontal (head-on)
Side (T-bone)
Rear End
Rotational (spin)
Rollover (side-to-side)
Vault/Flip (nose-to-tail)
Frontal
Side
Rear End
Rotational
Rollover
Vault/Flip
Buckle-Up image from:
Frontal image from:
Side image from:
Rear-end image from:
Rotational image from:
Rollover image from:
Vault image from:
Retrieved 10/21/10

4. Frontal (Head-on) Crash
Unrestrained occupants thrown forward
May slide under dash, fly up and hit steering wheel or windshield
May slide side-to-side if crash is off center
Rear-seated occupants may be hurled over the front seat
May land under dashboard or go through windshield
Possible Injuries:
Bone Fractures
Dislocations
Compressions
Facial Lacerations
Paralysis
Skull Fracture
Brain Injury
Death
Buckle-Up image from:
Frontal image from:
Retrieved 10/21/10
Partial or full ejection possible

5. Partial or full ejection possible
Side (T-Bone) Crash
Side
Occupants thrown first towards the point of impact
Vehicle deformed and intrudes passenger area (striking chest or pelvic)
Unrestrained occupant pushed sideways, while head continues forward (neck ligament and tendon injuries)
Possible Injuries:
Bone Fractures
Dislocations
Compressions
Facial Lacerations
Paralysis
Skull Fracture
Brain Injury
Death
Buckle-Up image from:
Side image from:
Retrieved 10/21/10
Partial or full ejection possible

6. Partial or full ejection possible
Rear End Crash
Rear End
Hit from the rear – often pushed forward into another vehicle or object (secondary frontal crash)
Unrestrained occupant body presses backward, then rebounds forward
If head restraint not properly adjusted, occupant neck injury (whiplash)
Cervical fractures may occur
Possible Injuries:
Bone Fractures
Dislocations
Compressions
Facial Lacerations
Paralysis
Skull Fracture
Brain Injury
Death
Buckle-Up image from:
Rear-end image from:
Retrieved 10/21/10
Partial or full ejection possible

7. Rotational (Spin) Crash
Off-center crash
Impacted part of the vehicle comes to a stop, other parts continue spinning or pivoting around that point
Unrestrained occupants strike door and window
Traumatic injury to head and chest
Possible Injuries:
Bone Fractures
Dislocations
Compressions
Facial Lacerations
Paralysis
Skull Fracture
Brain Injury
Death
Buckle-Up image from:
Rotational image from:
Retrieved 10/21/10
Partial or full ejection possible

8. Side-to-Side Rollover Crash
Vehicle rolls over on side one or more times
Unrestrained occupant hit numerous areas of vehicle
Many injuries throughout body
May be ejected through smashed or opened window or doors
Vehicle may pin or crush ejected passengers
Possible Injuries:
Bone Fractures
Dislocations
Compressions
Facial Lacerations
Paralysis
Skull Fracture
Brain Injury
Death
Buckle-Up image from:
Rollover image from:
Retrieved 10/21/10
Partial or full ejection possible

9. Partial or full ejection possible
Vault/Flip Crash
Vault/Flip
Vehicle flips end over end one or more times
Unrestrained occupant hit numerous areas of vehicle
May be ejected through smashed or opened window or doors
Wide range of injuries
Vehicle may follow same path as ejected passengers and land on them
Possible Injuries:
Bone Fractures
Dislocations
Compressions
Facial Lacerations
Paralysis
Skull Fracture
Brain Injury
Death
Buckle-Up image from:
Vault image from:
Retrieved 10/21/10
Partial or full ejection possible

10. Reducing Your Risks In The Crash
Reducing Risks Video
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS)
Reducing Your Risks In The Crash
(9:47)
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IIHS image from:
Retrieved: 10/06/10
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11. In every vehicle crash, there are actually three collisions:
Images from:
Retrieved 10/21/10
1. Vehicle
2. Human
3. Internal
Objects in the car will continue moving at the same speed as the vehicle even if the car is stopped by a collision.

12. Unrestraint Passenger
Three Collision PSAs
Think! UK
Three Strikes
(0:40)
TAC Victoria
Unrestraint Passenger
“Pinball”
(1:01)
Think! UK
Second Chance
(0:40)
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13. The first impact of the crash is the vehicle collision.
When a vehicle crashes, it crushes, absorbing some of the force of the collision.
The car's momentum has changed instantly while the passengers' has not.
1. Vehicle
Even at slow speeds on roads you know well, with no seat belt you can be seriously injured or killed.
Images from:
Retrieved 10/21/10

14. Thrown From a Vehicle
Passengers are five times more likely to be killed in a crash when thrown from a vehicle
The crash force can throw a person 150 feet or 15 car lengths
Throw out a window or open door
Skid along pavement
May be crushed by vehicle
Roll over collision
Driver belted and lives
Buckle-Up image from:
Crash images from:
Retrieved 10/21/10
Roll over collision
Unbelted driver thrown from car and dies
Damage to vehicles nearly identical

15. The second impact of the crash is the human.
Human Collision
The second impact of the crash is the human.
Occupants are traveling at the speed of the vehicle and are hurled forward
Stopped by part of the vehicle - steering wheel, dash, window, back of front seat
Occupants often collide into each other
2. Human
Images from:
Retrieved 10/21/10
You are twice as likely to die in a crash if you don’t wear a seat belt.

16. Force of Impact
An unbelted back seat passenger of average size can fly forward with a force of 3,000 pounds
Can seriously injure or kill other passengers
In a 30 mph crash, a 15 pound child can generate an impact force greater than 300 pounds
Males image from:
Infant image from:
Buckle image from:
Retrieved 10/21/10
Seat belts have saved thousands of lives that might have been lost in collisions.

17. Internal Organ Collision
The last impact of the crash are on the internal organs.
Internal organs are still moving, even after the body comes to a stop
Slam into other organs or skeletal system (lungs into ribs, brain into the skull)
Often causes the most serious injuries or death
3. Internal
Images from:
Retrieved 10/21/10
It isn’t just crashes at high speeds that can cause serious injuries or death.

18. Biology of Crashes Video
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS)
Understanding Car Crashes: When Physics Meets Biology
(24:00)
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Retrieved: 10/06/10
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19. Airbags are designed to be used with seatbelts.
Restraining Devices
When a vehicle hits an object, inertia causes the occupants to continue forward until they hit the inside of the vehicle or their restraint devices.
An active restraint device is a device you must engage, such as a safety belt.
A device that works automatically, such as an air bag, is a passive restraint device.
Image from:
Retrieved 10/21/10
Airbags are designed to be used with seatbelts.

20. The safety belt is your first defense in an emergency.
Safety Belts
The safety belt is your first defense in an emergency.
If you are involved in a crash, the safety belt will keep you from being thrown from the vehicle
If thrown from the vehicle five times more likely to die
Keeps you from being thrown against parts of the vehicle or other occupants
Keeps driver behind the wheel where they can continue to control the vehicle
Buckle-Up image from:
Driver image from:
Retrieved 10/21/10

21. International Seatbelt PSAs
Irish PSA
Michael & Girlfriend
(1:12)
British PSA
Backseat Killer & Mom
(0:50)
US Military Safety
Heaven Can Wait
(0:45)
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Retrieved: 01/21/10
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22. Head restraints are designed to protect against whiplash injuries.
Occupant Protection
Seatbelts are designed so that the forces in the crash are absorbed by the strongest areas in the body: hip bones, shoulders, chest
Head restraints are designed to protect against whiplash injuries.
Crash image from:
Diagram from: Montana Driver Education Curriculum
Retrieved 10/21/10

23. The concept of the airbag is a soft object to land against in a crash
Airbags
The concept of the airbag is a soft object to land against in a crash
Attempts to slow the passenger's speed to zero with little or no damage
Explodes at 200 miles per hour (faster than the blink of an eye) deflating a second later
Images from:
Retrieved 10/21/10

24. Automobile manufacturers are making vehicles safer
Other Devices
Automobile manufacturers are making vehicles safer
Crush zones: The front and rear of vehicles are designed to be crushed during a collision
Energy-absorbing bumpers: Bumpers designed to absorb low levels (5 mph) of impact without damage
Side-impact panels: Reinforced panels on the sides of a vehicle help absorb crash energy
Penetration-resistant windshields: A layer of plastic between layers of glass to protect against flying glass
Red car image from:
Silver vehicle image from:
Blue car image from:
Retrieved 10/21/10

25. Vehicle Safety Features Videos
Ford Motors
Airbag Technology
(4:41)
BMW
Stability Control
(1:14)
General Motors
New Safety Features
(1:30)
Click on web address to access video clips
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YouTube image from:
Retrieved: 01/21/10

26. Non Collision
Even routine driving can cause unrestrained occupants injury or throw the driver around causing the loss of vehicle control
Change in speed or direction
Emergency swerves
Sudden braking
Sharp curves
Spin or skid
Image from:
Retrieved 10/21/10
**Unbuckled passengers can be thrown into the driver, causing loss of vehicle control and a collision**

27. Did You Know Final Thoughts
In March 1896, Charles and Frank Duryea of Springfield, Mass., offered the first commercial automobile: the Duryea Motor Wagon. Two months later, New York City motorist Henry Wells hits a bicyclist with his new Duryea. The rider suffers a broken leg, Wells spends a night in jail and the nation's first traffic accident is recorded.
Duryea image from:
1896 Bike image from:
Retrieved: 10/15/10
Source:

28. Test Your Knowledge
You must file a traffic accident report if someone is injured or if a vehicle damage is:
$550 or more
$650 or more
$750 or more
$850 or more
Answer: C

29. Test Your Knowledge
Orange colored signs and flags mean that you must be alert for:
Road closures
Speed zones
High occupancy lanes
Changed road conditions and/or road workers
Answer: D

30. Test Your Knowledge This sign means: Farm vehicles ahead
Horse crossing ahead
Cattle crossing ahead
No vehicles allowed
Answer: B
Image from: