1. Answers June 2017 AS

2. 07
Acoustic
Semantic

3. 08
One researchers could address this is by carrying out research in a more natural environment. Students are often used in memory research so using school classrooms would make the research more realistic. A further way is to ensure the stimulus used represents real life memory activities. Participants could be asked to learn definitions or names and dates or telephone numbers. •

4. 09
As Zina was close to the attacker she would have seen the knife and this could result in weapons focus. This is when the presence of a weapon results in increased anxiety and can reduce the accuracy of eye witness testimony. As Amanda was further away her lower level of anxiety may have made her recall more accurate. Research into weapons focus has found that participants are less accurate when identifying a man when he is holding a knife compared to when he is holding a pen. Therefore, the difference in the anxiety levels of the two girls can account for the different statements.
Please note it is perfectly acceptable to say that the increased anxiety may make Zina’s EWT more accurate and refer to Yuille and Cutshall or Christianson and Hubinette

5. 10
One ethical issue is protection from harm. Zina and Amanda may be upset about recalling the events of the attack and may experience psychological harm. Therefore, it is important that the researcher reminds them of their right to withdraw if they become too distressed and also offer them support from counsellors after the interview.