1. The Early Cold War

3. The Ideological Struggle
Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”]
US & the Western Democracies
GOAL  spread world-wide Communism
GOAL  “Containment” stop the spread of Communism
METHODOLOGIES:
Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist vs. Capitalist]
Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

4. The “Iron Curtain”
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent… Sir Winston Churchill, 1946
Iron Curtain--boundary which symbolically, ideologically, and physically divided Europe during the Cold War.

5. Truman Doctrine [1947] U.S. will support countries fighting communism
Greece & Turkey: $400 million in aid from U.S.

6. Marshall Plan [1948] “European Recovery Program.”
Secretary of State, George Marshall
U. S. provides aid to European nations that need it
$12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe

7. Eisenhower’s Strategy
Brinksmanship: go to the “brink” of war to stop the spread of Communism.

8. First Battleground: Post-War Germany

9. Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49)
Soviets blockade Berlin to force out Americans
U.S. supplies by air

10. The Arms Race Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949
Bigger, more destructive, and more quantity of atomic weapons

11. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)
United States
Belgium
Britain
Canada
Denmark
France
Iceland
Italy
Luxemburg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
1952: Greece & Turkey
1955: West Germany
1983: Spain

12. Warsaw Pact (1955) U. S. S. R. Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania

13. McCarthy at hearings in 1953
McCarthyism in the U.S.
Sen. Joseph McCarthy and the HUAC
Communist witch hunt in America
Guilt based on suspicion, not evidence
McCarthy at hearings in 1953

14. Premier Nikita Khrushchev
About the capitalist states, it doesn't depend on you whether we (Soviet Union) exist. If you don't like us, don't accept our invitations, and don't invite us to come to see you. Whether you like it our not, history is on our side. We will bury you.
--Khrushchev, 1956

15. China: becomes communist in 1949
Mao’s Revolution
China: becomes communist in 1949

16. The Korean War ( )
Results: North and South Korea separated at 38th Parallel.
Kim Il-Sung (North)
“Domino Theory”: if one Asian nation becomes Communist, the rest will follow.
Syngman Rhee (South)

17. Space Race: Sputnik I (1957) Why was this so disturbing to Americans?
If the Soviets could shoot a satellite into space, they could shoot a nuclear missile to the U.S.

18. Col. Francis Gary Powers’ plane was shot down over Soviet airspace.
U-2 Spy Incident (1960)
Col. Francis Gary Powers’ plane was shot down over Soviet airspace.

19. Paris Conference, 1961
Khrushchev & JFK meet to discuss Berlin and nuclear proliferation. Khrushchev thinks that JFK is young, inexperienced, and can be pushed around.

20. The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)
Checkpoint Charlie

21. President Kennedy tells Berliners that the West is with them
Ich bin ein Berliner! (1963)
President Kennedy tells Berliners that the West is with them

22. Cuba becomes Communist, 1961
Fidel Castro and Nikita Khruschev

23. Bay of Pigs Incident (1961) U.S. trains Cuban refugee army
Attempt to overthrow Castro
Complete failure

24. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
Soviet nuclear missile sites on Cuba

25. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
U.S. Reaction: naval quarantine of Cuba
Result: Soviets remove nuclear missiles from Cuba

26. We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and they blinked first!