1. Renaissance
1300s-1500s

2. What was going on before?
Middle Ages
Black Death
Conflict with church and kings
Lack of education and innovation in Christian world/Europe

3. Rebirth
“To [man} it is granted to have whatever he chooses, to be whatever he wills.”
Difference from Middle Ages?
Is it true? Then? Now?
Greek & Roman
Human experience vs. church (M.A.)
Individual achievement
Adventure
Humanism

4. I will never remove my leaf bandana until Laura loves me.
Father of Humanism
Humanism
Focus on _____________ rather than the church.
Education would stimulate the mind and creativity
Francesco Petrarch – began collecting the classics in monasteries and churches – motivating others to study Homer, Virgil, Cicero
What is the greatest pain life offers?

5. "To be able to say how much you love is to love but little."

6. Why does the Renaissance take place in Italy?

7. Why Italy? History – Roman Empire Roman Catholic church supports art
Byzantine artist scholars leave – head to Italy
Geographic location
Trade provides money to support arts
Contact to Muslim society who kept knowledge

8. Lorenzo de Medici
Leader of Florence
Patron of the arts

9. Filippo Brunelleschi – Renaissance man – art, engineering, sculpture

12. Leon Alberti Architecture was a “social art”
Beauty with utility – improves society
Form & function – present day

13. Renaissance vs. Middle Ages

15. Leonardo da Vinci

17. Leonardo da Vinci – True Renaissance Man

20. Vitruvian Man

21. Leonardo da Vinci Master of perspective – Last Supper
Architecture, engineering, Botany, designs for helicopters, submarine and other works before his time

22. Michelangelo Buonarroti
Sculptor, painter, architect, poet

24. David is tall – exactly 14 feet and 3 inches high.
To make this statue, Michelangelo was given a piece of flawed marble that another artist had started but given up. Indeed, he was asked to finish a sculpture of the David originally blocked out in It’s documented that on Sept 9, 1501, he apparently knocked off a “certain knot” that had been on the David’s chest. We believe this “knot” to be the flaw.
In 1527 during an uprising, someone threw a chair out of a window in Palazzo Vecchio. The chair broke David’s left arm in three places. Vasari claims that he personally picked up the pieces.
David is tall – exactly 14 feet and 3 inches high.
His right hand is disproportionately large compared to the body. Why? Because in the Middle Ages, David was commonly said to be of “manu fortis” – strong of hand.
David was left-handed. Yup, our hero’s a lefty.
The David was originally intended to be placed high up on the facade of Florence’s Duomo. But when people saw the final product, they realized it would be a waste to hide him up there. So, a commission made up of artists (including Botticelli and Leonardo) and leading citizens was formed to decide where to put it. The placement in front of the main entrance to the Palazzo Vecchio was favoured by members of the new Republican government, who transformed the David into a political statement. He was set up as an image of strong government as well as a warning to all who pass. The David displaced another statue, the Judith and Holofernes by Donatello, that previously stood in that location. The runner-up locations were in front of the Duomo or under the Loggia dei Lanzi.
The decision to move David to the Accademia for preservation was taken in The transportation of the colossal work took place in a cart laid on train tracks from Piazza della Signoria to the museum. It took three days.
There are many copies of the David. One was given to Queen Victoria, who had it shipped directly to the Victoria and Albert Museum in London in 1857. Queen Victoria then visited the museum and was shocked by David’s nudity. A special fig leaf was cast by the London-based firm D. Brucciani & Co. It strategically hung on two hooks in front of David’s genitalia and was kept ready for visiting dignitaries.

27. Michelangelo

28. Advancements Included individuals from the time
Copied ideas of Greeks and Romans
Created realistic art of humans and environment
Perspective – cause appearance of 3 dimensions
Shading - round, real
Oil paints – reflect light
Studied human body

29. Raphael Blended Christian and classical styles
The School of Athens
: Zeno of Citium 2: Epicurus 3: (Federico II of Mantua?) 4: Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius or Anaximander or Empedocles? 5: Averroes 6: Pythagoras 7: Alcibiades or Alexander the Great? 8: Antisthenes or Xenophon? 9:  (Francesco Maria della Rovere?) 10: Aeschines or Xenophon? 11: Parmenides? 12: Socrates 13: Heraclitus (Michelangelo) 14: Plato (Leonardo da Vinci) 15: Aristotle 16: Diogenes 17: Plotinus (Donatello?) 18: Euclid or Archimedes with students (Bramante)? 19: Zoroaster 20: Ptolemy? R: Apelles (Raphael) 21: Protogenes (Il Sodoma, Perugino, or Timoteo Viti)[12]

31. Raphael – School of Athens

33. Ideal person Changes Baldassare Castiglione
Men
Well-educated
Well-mannered
Poet, Athlete, Music (well-rounded)
Women
Balances man
Yin yang
Graceful and kind
The beauty on the outside is because of the beauty on the inside

34. Castiglione
“Who does not know that without women we can feel no content or satisfaction throughout this life of ours, which but for them would be rude and devoid of all sweetness and more savage than that of wild beasts? Who does not know that women alone banish from our hearts all vile and base thoughts, vexations, miseries, and those turbid melancholies that so often are their fellows?” 

35. Mathematics and Art Proportion Fibonacci Numbers Perspective
Golden ratio

37. BODY: Adult body height: 7 heads high Width from shoulder to shoulder: 3 head widths Distance from the hip to toes: 4 heads Distance from top of head to the bottom of chest: 2 heads Distance from wrist to end of outstretched fingers: 1 head Pelvic height: 1 head Distance from elbow to end of outstretched fingers: 2 heads FACE: Eyes are halfway between top of the head and chin Upper lip is halfway between eyes and chin Corners of mouth line up with centers of eyes Top of ears line up above the eyes, on eyebrows Bottom of ears line up with bottom of nose

38. Body and Face Proportions
BODY: Adult body height: 7 heads high Width from shoulder to shoulder: 3 head widths Distance from the hip to toes: 4 heads Distance from top of head to the bottom of chest: 2 heads Distance from wrist to end of outstretched fingers: 1 head Pelvic height: 1 head Distance from elbow to end of outstretched fingers: 2 heads FACE: Eyes are halfway between top of the head and chin Upper lip is halfway between eyes and chin Corners of mouth line up with centers of eyes Top of ears line up above the eyes, on eyebrows Bottom of ears line up with bottom of nose

39. Niccolò Machiavelli The Prince – guide for rulers
End justifies the means
Machiavellian – ruthless deceit in politics
Realistic?