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2. Section 1: The Cycles of Matter Section 2: Ecological Succession
Chapter 19
Cycles in Nature
Section 1: The Cycles of Matter
Section 2: Ecological Succession
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3. The Cycles of Matter Bellringer Section 1
What are the three different physical states of water that are found on Earth? Name one way that you use water in each of these states in your daily life. Write your answers in your science journal.
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4. The Cycles of Matter Objectives Section 1
Diagram the water cycle, and explain its importance to living things.
Diagram the carbon cycle, and explain its importance to living things.
Diagram the nitrogen cycle, and explain its importance to living things.
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5. The Cycles of Matter The Water Cycle Section 1
How Water Moves During evaporation, the sun’s heat causes water to change from liquid to vapor. In the process of condensation, the water vapor cools and returns to a liquid state. The water that falls from the atmosphere to the land and oceans is precipitation.
Water and Life Without water, there would be no life on Earth. All organisms, from bacteria to animals and plants, are composed mostly of water.
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6. The Water Cycle Section 1
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7. The Cycles of Matter The Carbon Cycle Section 1
Photosynthesis and Respiration Photosynthesis is the basis of the carbon cycle. During photo-synthesis, plants use carbon dioxide from air to make sugars. Carbon returns to the environment through respiration.
Decomposition and Combustions The breakdown of substances into simpler molecules is called decomposition. Combustion is the process of burning a substance, such as wood or fossil fuels. Decomposition and combustion of organic matter releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
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8. The Carbon Cycle Section 1
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9. The Cycles of Matter The Nitrogen Cycle Section 1
Converting Nitrogen Gas About 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere is nitrogen gas. Most organisms cannot use nitrogen gas directly. However, bacteria in the soil are able to change nitrogen gas into forms that plants can use.
Passing It On When organisms die, decomposers break down the remains. Decomposition releases a form of nitrogen into the soil that plants can use. Finally, certain types of bacteria in the soil convert nitrogen to a gas, which is returned to the atmosphere.
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10. The Nitrogen Cycle Section 1
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11. The Cycles of Matter Many Cycles Section 1
Converting Nitrogen Gas Other forms of matter on Earth also pass through cycles. Many of the minerals that living cells need, such as calcium and phosphorous, are cycled through the environment.
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12. Ecological Succession
Section 2
Ecological Succession
Bellringer
Imagine that you have been hired to oversee the maintenance of a public forest. Answer the following questions to describe how you would approach the task:
How would you evaluate the health of the forest?
What actions would you take to keep the forest healthy?
What factors might pose a threat to the health of the forest? How would you prevent these factors from causing harm?
Write your answers in your science journal.
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13. Ecological Succession
Section 2
Ecological Succession
Objectives
Describe the process of succession.
Contrast primary and secondary succession.
Explain how mature communities develop.
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14. Ecological Succession
Section 2
Ecological Succession
Regrowth of a Forest
Succession A gradual development of a community over time, such as the regrowth of the burned areas of Yellowstone National Park, is called succession.
Primary Succession
Making Soil Sometimes, a small community starts to grow in an area where other organisms had not previously lived. Over a very long time, a series of organisms live and die on the rock. The rock is slowly transformed into soil. This process is called primary succession and is illustrated on the next slide.
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15. Primary Succession Section 2
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16. Ecological Succession
Section 2
Ecological Succession
Secondary Succession
Individuals and Populations Interact Sometimes, a community is disturbed in some way. If soil is left intact, the original community may regrow through a series of stages called secondary succession. The stages are shown on the next slide.
Mature Communities and Biodiversity
Individuals and Populations Interact The variety of species that are present in an area is referred to as biodiversity. Mature communities tend to have biodiversity. A mature community simply has organisms that are well adapted to live together in the same area over time.
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17. Secondary Succession Section 2
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18. Cycles in Nature Concept Map Chapter 19
Use the following terms to complete the concept map on the next slide: water cycle, precipitation, decomposition, carbon, combustion, condensation, carbon cycle, photosynthesis.
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19. Chapter 19
Concept Map
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20. Chapter 19
Concept Map
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