1. greenhouse effect &
global warming

2. the greenhouse effect is a natural process
global warming
animation
the greenhouse effect is a natural process
global warming is not

3. carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour trap more of the UV light
increased levels of
carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour
trap more of the UV light
increasing the temperature
of the atmosphere
CAUSING
GLOBAL WARMIMG

5. causes
carbon
dioxide

6. respiration of organisms
sources
respiration of organisms

7. combustion of fossil fuels
sources
combustion of fossil fuels

8. sources
deforestation,
so less CO2
taken up in PS

9. remedies reduce the use of fossil fuels i.e. use other energy sources,
preferably renewable

10. remedies
plant new forests
to act as carbon sinks

11. causes
methane

12. marshes and rice paddy fields
sources
bacteria living in
marshes and rice paddy fields

13. sources
bacteria
in the guts of cows
and other ruminants

14. sources
decomposition of
organic material
in landfill sites

15. remedies use digesters to decompose organic waste
and burn the methane produced

16. causes
nitrous
oxide

17. denitrifying bacteria
sources
denitrifying bacteria
acting on nitrates

18. sources
combustion of
fossil fuels

19. remedies reduce the use of artificial fertilisers, especially on soils
liable to waterlogging

20. remedies
reduce the use of
fossil fuels

21. causes
chlorofluorcarbons
(CFCs)

22. sources
coolant in
refrigerators

23. sources
propellants in
aerosol cans

24. sources
burning
styrofoam
packaging

25. remedies
use alternatives
to CFCs

26. causes
ozone

27. sources produced by the action of sunlight on gases from
vehicle exhausts

28. remedies
reduce
vehicle exhaust
emissions

29. effects rise in sea levels due to melting polar ice caps & glaciers
thermal expansion of water
causing flooding of low-lying areas and coastal erosion

30. effects disruption of climate & weather patterns
due to a change in wind patterns
causing changes in the distribution of rainfall
& greater extremes of weather

31. effects changes in crop production
due to a gradual increase in temp at the Earth's surface
leading to massive reductions
in grain crop yields in N America

32. effects altered distribution of wild animals & plants
due to temperature changes
e.g. less ice at N Pole reduces polar bear territory
starfish, Solaster endeca, now present in NI,
originally its habitat was further north

33. acid
rain

35. causes
sulphur
dioxide

36. mainly by power stations
sources
burning coal and oil
mainly by power stations

37. causes
nitric
oxide

38. sources produced in internal combustion engines & released in
vehicle exhaust emissions

39. causes
nitrogen
dioxide

40. sources produced in internal combustion engines & released in
vehicle exhaust emissions

41. which has lower sulphur levels
remedies
increase the use of
natural gas
which has lower sulphur levels
than coal

42. remedies remove sulphur dioxide from waste gases
produced by burning coal in power stations
by using scrubbers or filters

43. remedies use of catalytic converters in car engines, oil burners etc
to remove nitrogen dioxide

44. effects sulphur dioxide, ntric oxide & nitrogen dioxide
dissolve in rain water to form sulphuric and nitric acids
these acids are carried in clouds for long distances
often having effects in other countries

45. effects directly toxic to leaves and pine needles
causing defoliation & death

46. effects inhibits the action of decomposers in the soil
& therefore the cycling of nutrients

47. effects influences the solubility of mineral ions in the soil
which are needed as plant nutrients
e.g. calcium, magnesium, potassium

48. effects in very acidic conditions aluminium becomes soluble
& is released into soil water
where it is toxic to roots

49. effects aluminium leaches into waterways
and causes gills to become covered in a thick mucus
which prevents oxygen uptake
and so kills invertebrates and fish

50. if exposed to pH levels below 5.5
effects
fish eggs fail to hatch
if exposed to pH levels below 5.5

51. Ozone
depletion

52. Ozone
Ozone is found in a thin layer between stratosphere and troposphere
ozone absorbs UV light from the Sun
animation CFCs

53. BUT creating holes CFCs in the layer increase conversion which allow
Ozone O3
Oxygen O2
Natural
conversion
BUT
creating holes
in the layer
which allow
UV through
CFCs
increase conversion
of O3 to O2

55. causes
chlorofluorcarbons
(CFCs)

56. sources
coolant in
refrigerators

57. sources
propellants in
aerosol cans

58. sources
burning
styrofoam
packaging

59. remedies
use of sun blocks
& wearing a hat
to reduce skin cancer

60. remedies use alternatives to CFCs
although they have been phased out in most countries
CFCs remain in the stratosphere
for about 100 years,
& each molecule can break down
hundreds of thousands of ozone molecu

61. effects thinning of the ozone layer in the stratosphere,
& a hole in the ozone over Antarctica
more harmful UV radiation reaches the earth's surface
causing skin cancers, cataracts
& reduced photosynthesis in crop plants