1. Social Studies
Essential UNIT Question: How did the ancient world contribute to the development of civilization?

2. Social Studies Standards
Case study of an early people of the Middle East (Sumer, Egypt, or Mesopotamia): 3.1 a, 3.1 c, 3.1 d

3. DO-NOW:
Update Table of Contents;
Place homework in portfolio.

4. Focus Question # 20:
What were the contributions of the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt?

5. The First Important Pharaoh
Different towns and villages from up and down the Nile traded with each other;
Farmers cultivated surplus crops; craft-workers developed new tools, pottery and jewelry;
Although there was some cooperation between trade partners, wars often broke out, which led to a slowing down of trade; people suffered as a result;
A powerful leader known as “Pharaoh Menes (Mee-neez)” rose up to end the fighting and unite the Upper and Lower Kingdoms of Egypt.

6. Menes “The Pharaoh of Unity”

7. The Double Crown of Egypt
Crown of Upper Egypt (White); Crown of Lower Egypt (Red)
United Crown of Egypt

8. Lower and Upper Egypt:

9. Pharaoh Menes Unites Egypt
The word pharaoh (FAIR-oh) refers to the great palace where the ruler of Egypt resided (lived);
From 2,700 BCE to 2,200 BCE, a period known as the Old Kingdom, the Pharaoh’s fought to unite Lower and Upper Egypt;
Pharaoh Menes placed his capital in Memphis, a city located in Lower Egypt;
Menes forced the local governments to respect his laws and government. He made sure that the flood water was shared equally through canals and storage pools.

10. Silt deposits = Rich soil
Silt scooped out of the Nile
Silt helps nourish soil

11. Egyptian Irrigation
The Shadoof
Canals

12. The Nilometer

13. Flax was used for clothing
Egyptian Cloth
Egyptian weavers
Flax was used for clothing

14. The Flooding of the Nile River

15. Egyptian Transportation

16. Egyptian Domestication

17. The Nile and Its Delta

18. The Delta

19. Activity:

20. Homework # 30:
See HW tab (Website)

21. Today’s Middle East

22. Today I Learned . . .