1. Kingdom
Fungi

2. Fungi Basics Heterotrophs Cell composition similar to animals
No photosynthesis
Release enzymes to absorb nutrients
Cell composition similar to animals
Cell wall made of chitin (polysaccharide)
Reproduction: Sexual & Asexual
Evolved from fungus-like protista
Classified by type of reproductive structure

3. Comparing Plants & Fungi
Plants and fungi have different traits:
Fungal cell walls are made of chitin.
Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
Fungi absorb food through hyphae.
Plants have chloroplasts and photosynthesize.
Plants and fungi have similar traits:
Both are nonmoving
Grow underground and aboveground
May produce spores
Eukaryotes

4. Fungi Structure What grows underground?
Hyphae: thin strands of cells that make up the fungus body
Hyphae branch into a larger network underground called mycelium
What grows above ground?
Fruiting body: reproductive structure creates spores by meiosis

5. Bread Mold Fungi Decompose dead matter
Ecological importance: Nitrogen fixation
Can reproduce sexually or asexually
Classified ability to create zygospore
Protective spore surrounding the zygote
Spores produced inside sporangia (sporangium)
Spores released into air

6. Sac Fungi Truffles and Morels Yeast Single celled Fruiting body
Resembles a sac
Spores housed inside “asci”
Truffle
Morel
Yeast

7. Club Fungi Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi Fruiting body Club shaped
Haploid spores produced by meiosis
Spores housed inside “basidia”
Mushrooms
Puffballs
Shelf fungi
ground
Club

8. Quick Review Name that reproductive structure!B C

9. Club Fungi Reproduction Here is a typical mushroom… lets flip it upside-down
These haploid spores are created by meiosis and released into the wind…
Notice the “gills” underneath. These folds contain millions of spores. Lets zoom in…

10. Haploid spore from fungus A will land…
Haploid spore from fungus A will land…. Haploid spore from fungus B will land
Haploid mycelium grows underground from each spore
Two haploid mycelium fuse together… creating a diploid mycelium
Fruiting body grows from the mass
Haploid spores created (meiosis) & released from the basidia
Released haploid spores land on ground and cycle repeats . . . . .
ground

11. Lichens Often pioneer species (grow on rock, soil, trees)
Example of two organisms living in mutualism
#1: Fungus, #2: Algae or cyanobacteria
Mutualism: Both organisms benefit
Fungus: obtains nutrients from the algae
Algae/cynobacteria: grows among the hyphae of the fungus; gets water

12. Kingdom Fungi
Zygote fungi
Make zygospore
Spores housed inside sporangia
Club fungi
Fruiting body looks like club
Spores housed inside basidia
Sac fungi
Fruiting body looks like a sack
Spores housed inside asci
Lichen
½ fungus
½ algae or cyanobacteria
Pioneer species

13. Review Name the three major types of fungi.
Which characteristic is used to classify the various types of fungi?
Which fungi produce asci?
Which fungi produce basidia?
Which fungi produce zygospores?
What is the above ground structure of a fungus called?
What objects are released from the fruiting body?
Label the diagram.