1. Demographic Transition
Widely accepted throughout the field of geography.
All countries go through it, but at different rates and at different times.

3. Stage 1 High CDR and CBR Zero or very low NIR (natural increase rate)
Low population level
Most of human history, but no countries today
Very low standard of living: little education, no medical care, no industrialization, rural dwellers, subsistence economy

4. Stage 2 High CBR CDR begins to drop rapidly NIR increases rapidly
Population gets larger (very quickly)
Due to industrial revolution in Europe (late 1700s)
Medical revolution in LDCs during the late 1900s
Pollution (increased industrialization), mass production (cash economy), some medical care, some education, increasingly urban

5. Stage 3 CDR continues to drop, CBR begins to drop NIR drops rapidly
Population continues to grow, but less rapidly
Population is at its highest level
CBR drops because people decide to have fewer children once IMR declines.
Smaller families, higher standards of living, medical and education for most, urbanized society, highly industrialized

6. Stage 4 CDR is equal to CBR, but both are at low levels NIR is zero
Population stays constant at a high level – “Zero Population Growth (ZPG)”
Urbanized societies with gender equality; high end service industry drives economy

8. Basic Assumptions of Model
This process goes along with increased industrialization, technology, and medical advances in a country.
All countries will develop along the same patterns as western Europe throughout the 1800s and 1900s.
Does not take into account immigration or emigration.

9. Critique of Demographic Transition Model
Some countries did not go through early stages (United States, Australia)
Doesn’t take into consideration disease and other wide-spread population reducers (war)
Western Europe and the United States were able to go through the stages because of exploitation of human and natural resources from other places. Will the LDCs have access to the same resources?
What about population shrinkage? Is there a stage 5?

10. Population Pyramids

15. Gallery Crawl Fill out information sheet for each station
Make sure to use your notes to guide your answers.

23. Quiz

24. Crude birth rate: The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society.
Crude death rate: The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society.
Natural Increase rate: The percentage by which a population grows in a year. (CBR - CDR / 10 = the rate of natural increase in %)