1. Forging the National Economy, 1790-1860
Cover Slide
The American Pageant
Chapter 14
Forging the National Economy,

2. Rapid Population Growth in US
By 1860, 13 original states  33 states
Population doubling every 25 years
U.S. 4th most populous western country
Rapid urbanization
Massive influx of Irish and Germans
Europe running out of room and the Irish Potato Famine

3. Irish Immigration Impact of “the Famine”
Became largest immigrant group to U.S.

4. Discrimination Against Irish
Role of Religion / Poverty
Forced to create very close-knit communities 
Formed secret societies to combat bigotry
The Ancient Order of Hibernians
The Molly Maguires
Extreme WASP views of Irish
N.I.N.A.

5. Irish v. Blacks Irish fiercely resented blacks
Shared society’s basement
Competed for scarce jobs
Race riots between black & Irish dock workers
Irish did not support the abolitionist cause

6. Success of the Irish Acquired modest amounts of property
Political activism
Soon controlled powerful city machines
(Tamany Hall in New York)
Strong, motivated workforce

7. German Immigration Over 1.5 million came 1830-60
Today ~ 25% of all Americans have German ancestry
Most were farmers, displaced by crop failures & by other hardships
Some were liberal political refugees
Had modest means, but more than Irish
“Forty-Eighters”

8. Germans in America Most pushed out to the mid-west Very Independent
Less politically potent
Anti Slavery
Introduced beer

9. THE AMISH Distinct religious settlements in PA, IN, & OH
Swiss Anabaptist Jacob Amman (Amish)
They “shun” extravagance
Baptism for adults, were persecuted in Europe for this
No modern conveniences
For 200 years they have preserved their traditional way of life

10. Nativism
Feared immigrants would outbreed, outvote, and overwhelm Protestant natives

11. Nativism Fear of “papal power”
1849 Order of the Star Spangled Banner became known as the…
"Know-Nothing" party (The American party)
-opposed immigration and the election of Roman Catholics

12. Birth of America's Industrial Revolution
The Textile Industry began the Industrial Revolution in the U.S.
Why did New England become center of the Industrial Revolution?
Why was the South slow to industrialize?

13. Economic Inventions
Samuel Slater- father of the Factory System in America
Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin 1793
raising cotton became highly profitable
Shift from tobacco to cotton
Higher demand causes increase in # of slaves
Westward expansion into AL & MS
Stimulated American Industrial Revolution by supplying cotton to New England textile mills

14. Economic Inventions Elias Howe/Isaac Singer –Sewing Machine
Significance: gave strong boost to Northern Industrialization
Samuel F. B. Morse- talking wires
Significance: instant communication

15. The Textile Industry in the U.S.
Francis Cabot Lowell (Mrs. Dumont’s home town!)
Local farmers' daughters hired to work in the factories
and children!
Textile factories sprang up all over New Eng. and mid-Atlantic. states

16. Why did New England become center of the Industrial Revolution?
Textile factories
Transportation improvements

17. Why was the South slow to Industrialize?
Few roads, canals, or steamboats
South was isolated
Demand for cotton kept the area agrarian

18. Agricultural Northwest
Ohio-Indiana-Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, MN
Grain farming of corn and wheat
Used to feed booming Cotton Kingdom
Key Inventions:
John Deere=steel plow, McCormick=mower reaper
Farming changed from subsistence to large-scale, specialized, cash-crop agriculture
Farmer Debt Increased (land & machinery)
Farmers demand new markets  transportation revolution will connect them to Northeast

19. Cult of Domesticity/Republican Motherhood
Women have vital role as wives and mothers
Women should be educated to raise virtuous citizens
Women should be concerned with domestic, family and religious affairs
Shift of women from fields back into homes

20. The Transportation Revolution
Prime Motive: Connect East to West
Turnpikes
Canals
Rivers / Steam Power
Railroads
Clippers
The Pony Express
Country tied together by transportation web

21. Forging the National Economy, 1790 - 1860
The Transportation Revolution
The Continental Economy
European Immigration
Forging the National Economy,
Irish in America
The Market Economy & the Family
Nativism & Assimilation
Germans in America