1. Unit 5 Abolitionism to Revolution
Ms. Turnbull

2. Scientific Revolution

3. Defined… 1500s- Big shift from Medieval thinking
Will question that Earth was the center of the universe (Church belief)
People begin to question nature of God when discover laws of the universe (science vs. faith)
Belief that mathematical laws governed nature and the universe and could be known, managed and shaped by people!

4. Scientific Method – systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing data
Not based on ancient authorities
Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Analyze results
People began to use reason to explain theories

5. Geocentric Theory
(also called the Ptolemaic Theory)

6. Heliocentric Theory
From Copernicus

7. Heliocentric
Geocentric

8. Kepler’s Theory with elliptic orbits

9. Age of Enlightenment
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10. The Importance of the Enlightenment (01:14)
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11. Enlightenment was also called the Age of Reason, the period of Western history (1700’s) when thinkers called for the use of reason in analyzing and improving society.
The Enlightenment brought together the ideas of the Renaissance and the Reformation.
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12. Both of these ideas are the basis of the Enlightenment.
Renaissance artists and writers adopted a more secular outlook on life rather than the spiritual outlook of the Middle Ages.
The ideas of the Scientific Revolution created scientific philosophies for seeking the truth.
Both of these ideas are the basis of the Enlightenment.
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13. Enlightenment Philosophers: Locke, Voltaire, and Montesquieu (03:23)
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14. Social contract
A term created by Thomas Hobbes to describe an agreement where people give up their individual rights in exchange for the law and order provided by the government.
Thomas Hobbes of England advocated this philosophy in his book Leviathan.
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15. Natural rights
According to John Locke, there are three natural rights that all human beings are entitled to; life, liberty, and property.
His idea of a social contract was an agreement between people and government.
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16. Montesquieu
Barón de Biografia de Montesquieu urged the separation of powers-the division of authority among different branches of government.
He believed that Britain was the best- governed country in his day.
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17. Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed in the ideas of a direct democracy where the will of the majority becomes law.
He wrote Social Contract which stated, “Man is born free, yet everywhere he is in chains.”
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18. Philosophe
Philosophe refers to any of the leading social critics of the 18th century French Enlightenment.
Philosophes believed that any way of doing things that did not make sense should be changed.
They opposed the traditions of monarchy and divine right.
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19. They objected to special privileges of the nobility and clergy, like owning most of France’s wealth while paying little or nothing in taxes.
Many French philosophes were atheists, or one who denies the existence of God.
Most however, were deists, a person who believes in God, but rejects organized religion.
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21. At the heart of their philosophies were five ideas:
Reason- the absence of intolerance, bigotry, or prejudice in one’s thinking.
Nature- natural laws of economics and politics as well as natural laws of motion.
Happiness- a person who lived by nature’s law would find happiness.
Progress-believed in progress for society and felt society could be perfected through the use of the scientific approach.
Liberty-through reason, society would be set free.
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22. Voltaire Voltaire -championed free speech-
“I disapprove of what you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it.”
He wrote Candide.
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24. Overall…
The Enlightenment was a time for thinking about the happiness of humanity.
They felt that people could only be truly happy in a society that allowed economic, religious and political liberty.
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