1. A deoxyribozyme-based molecular automaton
Milan N Stojanovic & Darko Stefanovic
Nature Biotechnology, Sept. 2003
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2. Tic-Tac-Toe X O X X O O X

3. MAYA Implementation Molecular Array of YES and ANDANDNOT Gates
3x3 wells, 24 deoxyribozymes in 9 wells
Automata: 2 YES gates, 2 AND gates, 19ANDANDNOT gates
E6: an RNA-cleaving deoxyribozyme (activating or inhibiting the enzyme)
Logic gate = Enzyme : Output = Fluorescent product

4. Basic concept of deoxyribozyme-based logic gate
M. N. Stojanovic, et al. JACS 2002, 124, 3555

5. YES gate
M. N. Stojanovic, et al. JACS 2002, 124, 3555

6. NOT gate
M. N. Stojanovic, et al. JACS 2002, 124, 3555

7. M. N. Stojanovic & D. Stefanovic, Nat. BioT.Sept. 2003

8. Input Oligonucleotides i1-i4, i6-i9
M. N. Stojanovic & D. Stefanovic, Nat. BioT.Sept. 2003

9. Game Tree for TTT
M. N. Stojanovic & D. Stefanovic, Nat. BioT.Sept. 2003

10. Corresponding Boolean Formulas
M. N. Stojanovic & D. Stefanovic, Nat. BioT.Sept. 2003

11. Schematic Representation
M. N. Stojanovic & D. Stefanovic, Nat. BioT.Sept. 2003

12. Representative Game Board
J. J. Tabor & A. D. Ellington Nat. BioT.Sept. 2003

13. M. N. Stojanovic & D. Stefanovic, Nat. BioT.Sept. 2003

14. Features
An analogy: digital logic circuits in computers, or enzymes in metabolic circuits
No autonomous play dynamic game before the present work (without human controlling)
Not in massively parallel fashion: a substrate of one gate can be the input of another
Not necessarily in one tube for all
Shed light on?: genetic, regulatory and metabolic systems networks or in vivo computation networks and cells with engineered properties (using stem loops)

15. References
Milan N Stojanovic & Darko Stefanovic, A deoxyribozme-based molecular automaton, Nature Biotechnology, vol.21 no.9 Sept
Milan N. Stojanovic, Tiffany Elizabeth Mitchell, & Darko Stefanovic, Deoxyribozyme-Based Logic Gates, JACS, 124, 3555, 2002.
Jeffrey J Tabor & Andres D Ellington, Playing to win at DNA computation, Nature Biotechnology, vol.21 no.9 Sept