1. Literals Why does this produce an error? float x = 2.5;

2. Literals Floating-point default datatype is double. float x = 2.5;

3. Literals Solution 1: cast 2.5 to float float x = (float) 2.5;

4. Literals Solution 2: use f or F identifier float x = 2.5f;

5. Literals char literals are delimited by single quotes char c = a;

6. Literals char c = a; int x = 3 + c; System.out.println( x );

7. boolean floating pointintegral floatdoublebooleancharshortintlong characterinteger byte 16 + 8 +/- 16 +/- 32 +/- 64 +/- 32 +/- 64 +/- numeric

8. Literals char is a numeric integral type (i.e. evaluates to an integer What is the output? char c = a; int x = 3 + c; System.out.println( x );

9. Literals char c = a; char c = \u0061; Unicode escape sequence is backslash + u + 4 digit hex Unicode can be used ANYWHERE in java code

10. Literals ch\u0061r c = \u0061;

12. Numeric Promotion int x = 3 / 2 * 4 3,2 and 4 are int literals Integer Division! Result of 3 / 2 is : 1 Therefore, x=3/2*4 is the same as x=1*4 x = 4 !

13. Numeric Promotion int x = 3 / 2 * 4 f

14. Numeric Promotion int x = 3 / 2 * 4 f The f denotes float datatype

15. Numeric Promotion int x = 3 / 2 * 4 f The f denotes float datatype The binary operator / must have same datatype on both sides. Therefore, 2 is promoted to float datatype

16. Numeric Promotion int x = 3 / 2 * 4 f The f denotes float datatype The binary operator / must have same datatype on both sides. Therefore, 2 is promoted to float datatype Now the binary operator * must promote its right hand operand. 4 is promoted to float.

17. Numeric Promotion int x = 3 / 2 * 4 f The right hand expression evaluates to 6.0 This will not compile because float to integer is a narrowing conversion requiring an explicit cast

18. Numeric Promotion int x = (int) 3 / 2 * 4 f Explicit cast ! System.out.print (x) : 4

19. Numeric Promotion float x = 3 / 2 * 4 f cast not needed System.out.print (x) : 6.0

20. Numeric Promotion float x = 3 / 2 * 4 f Another method!

21. Numeric Promotion float x = 3.0 / 2 * 4 Another method! Literals are promoted to which datatype???

22. Numeric Promotion float x = 3.0 / 2 * 4 Another method! Literals are promoted to double datatype

23. Numeric Promotion float x = 3.0 / 2 * 4 Another method! Literals are promoted to double datatype This expression will not compile because it requires an explicit narrowing conversion from double to float

24. Numeric Promotion float x = (float) 3.0 / 2 * 4 Finished!

25. Numeric Promotion float x = (float) 3.0 / 2.0 * 4 Does not compile.. Cast only operates on left hand operand 3.0

26. Numeric Promotion float x = (float) (3.0 / 2.0) * 4 Phew!

27. Finally ! evaluates left to right 3 / 2 is integer division, result is 1 Int 1 is promoted to double 1.0 1.0 * 4.0 evaluates to double 4.0 double x = 3 / 2 * 4.0

28. Literals What is the output? int x = 2147483647 + 1; System.out.println( x );

29. Literals Int datatype is 32 bits: 1 sign bit + 31 bits to represent the number Sign bit: 0 means positive, 1 means negative 0 1111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 Sign bit: +/-

30. Literals 0 1111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 + 0 0000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 = 1 0000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 Sign bit is now 1

31. Literals 0 1111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 + 0 0000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 = 1 0000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 2,147,483,647 1 - 2,147,483,648

32. Implicit Narrowing Conversion 0 1000000 10000001 What is the decimal value of this bit pattern?

33. Implicit Narrowing Conversion 0 1000000 10000001 16513 ( 16384 + 128 + 1 )

34. Implicit Narrowing Conversion 0 1000000 10000001 short x = 16513; 16513 is an integer literal. Default type is int. No cast required here because integral types (including char) can perform implicit narrowing conversion as long as the value is in range. ( float c = 2.5 is illegal, because floating point types cannot perform implicit narrowing conversion.)

35. Implicit Narrowing Conversion Rule 1: Both datatypes must be integer types Rule 2: Value must be within range of target datatype

36. loss of precision with casting 0 1000000 10000001 short x = 16513; byte b = (byte) x;

37. loss of precision with casting short x = 16513; byte b = (byte) x; 0 1000000 10000001 bye, bye….

38. loss of precision with casting short x = 16513; byte b = (byte) x; 0 1000000 10000001 Value of x is -127