1. Single feature made on polished stainless steel surface
Suggested palette of box colours – for use if required and to be sized as required
Diffractive feature formation on metal
Marcus Ardron
304 stainless steel processed in CO2
Single feature made on polished stainless steel surface
Marangoni effect: surface tension due to thermal gradient
Where: σ = surface tension
h = length in temp. grad.
η = viscosity
α = thermal diffusivity
ΔT = temp. difference
Thermo-capillary motion: buoyancy, density changes, thermal currents
Sim & Kim. Int J Heat Mass Tran 48(2005)
t = non-dimensional time
The quantity that must be harnessed
Nink et al. Appl Surf Sci (1999)
Balandin et al. J Appl Phys 78(3)
Chemi-capillary motion: diffusion across surface, chemical reactions
Periodic structure formed in plated surface
Period of 8μm
Height excursion of ≈125nm