1. Injections: How to give them and where to give them
Chris Ellason

2. Two Most Common Types of Injections
Subcutaneous (SC)
Intramuscular (IM)
Intravenous

3. Subcutaneous Injections
Beneath the skin, on top of the muscle layer

4. SC Injection Information
Ideal site for cattle and horses is side of the neck. With needles being ga and 1”-1½”
Swine, sheep and goats-flank and abdomen are common injection sites. Needles used should be ga and ¾”-1”

5. How to administer SC Lift the skin away from the underlying tissue
Insert the needle into the raised skin

6. How to administer SC cont.
Lightly pull out on the plunger, observe for blood. If blood appears withdraw the syringe slightly before making the injection
Administer the injection
Massage the area to aid in dispersing the drug

7. SC Injection Facts
Active agent is absorbed more slowly when administered SC than IV
Drugs used in SC injections are available over a longer period of time

8. Intramuscular Injections
Made directly into a major muscle mass with ga needle that is 1”-1½” long

9. Equine Injection Sites

10. Goat Injection Site

11. Reasons for Injection Sites
Giving injections in other areas will result in damage to valuable cuts of meat
Any damaged piece of meat must be cut out and discarded before sale or consumption

12. Facts about IM Injections
Absorption is usually rapid due to the blood supply to muscle tissue
Do not administer more than 10-15cc per injection site
Too much drug in one area may result in muscle necrosis

13. Deworming Trying to prevent internal parasites Different dewormers
Ivomec
Cydectin
Safeguard
How do we check for worms

14. Preventative Injections
7 way vaccine
Preventative vaccine for clostridiums
Clostridium is a spore that comes from the ground
Lepto (Pomona: main strain for cattle)
Ingested organism
Spread primarily in the urine
Can cause abortions

15. Contagious Diseases IBR: Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
PI3: Parainfluenza
BVD: Bovine Virus Diarreha
BRSV: Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus
All are respiratory problems

16. IBR Bovine Herpes Virus 1
Infects and damages the lining cells of the respiratory tract
Causes flagella in trachea to lay over and not able to stop bacteria from entering the lungs
Nasal and ocular discharge
Can cause abortions

17. PI3 and BRSV Exposure common when cattle are mixed
Infection causes damage to the surface cells of the lungs
PI3 is easily resolved with a vaccine
BRSV can be a real problem, especially if there is concurrent BVD in herd

18. BVD
RNA virus
Associated with multiple viral infections of the respiratory tract of calves

19. Other problems Bangs (Brucellosis)
Transferred from cows to heifer calves
Get through the reproductive tract or from milk
Can cause abortions in cattle
Foot Rot: Seen more in dry weather when foot is dry
Catch it early give sulphur pills and LA 200
Also doctor with kopertox

20. Other problems Pinkeye
Has to be an abrasion on the eye for the organism to do harm
#1 cause for pinkeye is cattle eating hay from a round bale
Put bales on their ends to help prevent

21. Conclusion Read the label Know your injection site
Know the proper way of giving the injection