1. Torque

2. Torque Force moves things linearly (along straight lines)
Torque moves things rotationally (in a circle)
Defined as:
A turning effect around a fulcrum on a rigid object T
Force Perpendicular to Axis
Created By
Fulcrum
Fulcrum

3. Torque
Torque is created by a force perpendicular to the axis of the rigid object
Rigid just means it does not deform or break when a force is applied
T = F∆d
F – Force perpendicular to Axis (N)
∆d – Distance from fulcrum (m)
T – Torque (Nm)

4. To create Torque Small force over a large distance
Large force over a small distance
These trade offs can produce the same Torque

5. Article: Torque and Clamping Force

6. Applications
To achieve the proper tightness so a wheel doesn’t fall off and so the stud doesn’t break
Untorqued Torqued to Spec Over Torqued

7. If you were to tighten by hand, how much force would you have to apply?

8. What if you decided to use a wrench?
The handle is 40cm long

9. Why does this guy know Physics?
How much force is he applying to get off a lug nut tightened to standard?
Hint: You’ll have to estimate the effort distance

10. A pipe increases the distance at which the force is applied, this increases the turning force (Torque) that is applied

11. Determining Torque Find 3 things that rotate
Determine where the fulcrum is
Measure a distance away from the fulcrum where you can apply a force
Determine the force required to cause rotational acceleration (to turn the thing)
Determine the torque required to cause rotational acceleration
Repeat steps 2, 3 and 4 for one other point

12. Torque on Levers 𝑇 𝐸 = 𝐹 𝐸 𝑑 𝐸 𝑇 𝐿 = 𝐹 𝐿 𝑑 𝐿
𝑇 𝐸 = 𝐹 𝐸 𝑑 𝐸
TE – Torque provided by effort (Nm)
FE – Force provided by effort (N)
dE – Distance between effort And fulcrum (m)
𝑇 𝐿 = 𝐹 𝐿 𝑑 𝐿
TL – Torque provided by load (Nm)
FL – Force provided by load (N)
dL – Distance between load And fulcrum (m)

13. Rotational equilibrium
Definitions
Static Equilibrium
Lever is at rest and forces are balanced
Rotational equilibrium
Lever is not turning or turning at a constant speed
∑T = 0

14. Law of the Lever If in rotational equilibrium:

15. TCCW – Torque Counterclockwise
We can also use:
TCW = TCCW
TCW – Torque clockwise
TCCW – Torque Counterclockwise

17. Example
Amarpal is sitting on a surf board, Gurinder wants to go surfing. If Amarpal has a mass of 50kg and is sitting 2.0m from the end of the board, how much force will Gurinder have to apply at a distance of 3.5m from the end of the board to balance Amarpal’s torque?