1. STUDENT NOTES #3 CH. 5 MEXICO

2. IV. CITIZENS, SOCIETY, AND STATE: POLITICAL PARTIES
The Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI): 1929
appendage of government, now in decline
The Partido Accion Nacional (PAN): 1939
center-right
Regional autonomy, less gov intervention in economy, fair elections, JESUS!
The Partido de la Revolucion Democratica (PRD): 1988
standard bearer of the left
Social justice, populism

3. IV. CITIZENS, SOCIETY, AND STATE: PRI
Established with the goal of reducing political conflict
Cardenas transformed the party into a mass-based political party that could be used to build popular support for government policies and mobilize participation in elections
Cardenas merged local, state and national organizations of peasants and urban workers that had been created during his presidency
Party became appendage to the government itself
Party enjoyed unlimited access to government funds to finance its campaigns.
President enjoyed a slush fund “authorized” by congress

4. IV. CITIZENS, SOCIETY, AND STATE: PAN
Party that represents the views on the right of the ideological spectrum.
Established in reaction to the leftward drift of public policy under Cardenas, especially his policies to support socialist public education
Founders included Catholic intellectuals and urban middle class
It also attracts votes from socially conservative peasants and the urban working class

5. IV. CITIZENS, SOCIETY, AND STATE: PRD
Represents the left of the ideological spectrum
Members believe in moderate socialist political ideas
Some who lean toward a communist ideology

7. IV. CITIZENS, SOCIETY, AND STATE: CIVIL SOCIETY
Historically WEAK b/c organizations were associated w/ PRI: workers, peasants, businesses, activists organizations
Charitable donations/activity rare up until recent history
Grown since the movement for free and fair elections: environmentalism, women’s groups

8. IV. CITIZENS, SOCIETY, AND STATE: POLITICAL RIGHTS
More competition
Less electoral fraud
Primary election for presidential candidates
More access to media/open debate

9. IV. CITIZENS, SOCIETY, AND STATE: CIVIL LIBERTIES
Growth of civil society
Free media
Abortion rights

10. IV. CITIZENS, SOCIETY, AND STATE: ZAPATISTA MOVEMENT

11. IV. CITIZENS, SOCIETY, AND STATE: POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION
Schools: Stresses the social and the economic process accomplished under post revolutionary governments. President is depicted as an omnipotent authority; this is why Mexicans prefer a presidential government. But, with higher levels of education people are criticizing the government performance.
Catholic Church: Provided education for middle and upper class. Criticized anticlerical laws and promoted individual initiative.
Adult political learning
Personal encounters with government functionaries and police

12. IV. CITIZENS, SOCIETY, AND STATE: CLEAVAGES
Ethnic
60% mestizo; 30% indigenous
Geographic
75% urban dwellers
Northern part more prosperous than south; farther south, greater poverty
Social Class
1) rural farmers, 2) poor urban, 3) growing working class, 4) middle class, 5) upper-middle class, 6) tiny rural, land-owning

14. ELECTIONS Now as democratic as in US Compulsory voting
Every 3 (Chamber of Deputies) or 6 years
Patron client relationship required political support in exchange for favor
“tacos” = stuffed ballots…tasty