1. Explain why geographical isolation can lead to speciation
Homework: Study for final exam!

2. Testing Tutorial Get your chromebook (BE SURE TO GET THE RIGHT NUMBER)
DO NOT log in
Go to ‘apps’ and selecte ‘NC Test’
Wait for my directions

3. Evolution and Natural Selection
Evolution is genetic change over time
Natural selection is how the environment selects for traits that give an organism an advantage
Advantageous traits become more common over time since they make the organism more likely to reproduce and pass their traits on

4. Natural Selection Example
* It all starts with random mutations and variety in a population
If there is no variety, there is nothing for natural selection to act on
Ex: Rock Pocket Mice
A random mutation gave a mouse living on dark rock dark fur
This allowed it to blend in better from predators
It survived longer and reproduced more, passing that dark trait down
Overtime, dark mice become more common in the population

5. Antibiotic Resistance
Bacteria develop a mutation that gives them resistance to an antibiotic
When you take an antibiotic all the weaker, sensitive ones are killed off, leaving only resistant bacteria
Growing public health problem!

6. Evidence for Evolution
Fossils- show us the existence of organisms millions of years ago, make comparisons to organisms today
DNA- we can determine the % of DNA in common between two organisms (*quantitative evidence)
Homologous structure- similarities in structures between organisms that share a common ancestor

7. Geographic Isolation and Speciation
Speciation- when new species form
Species is defined as a group of organisms that can breed and create fertile offspring
Geographic isolation can lead to speciation because a species can be separated into drastically different environments
Ex: traits favored in the artic are different than traits favored in the desert
Species will change through natural selection overtime and become more and more different as time goes on

8. Phylogenetics and Dichotomous Keys

9. Ecology Review
Carbon Cycle- photosynthesis and cellular respiration connection
Nitrogen Cycle- bacteria change the form of nitrogen into something plants can use
Nitrogen is important in making proteins and DNA
Greenhouse effect/Climate Change/Human Impact
Energy Pyramids
10% rule
Adaptations- behavioral, structural reproductive
Symbiosis (mutualism, parasitism), Predator/Prey
Population Growth and Carrying Capacity