1. Management Information Systems
M Agung Ali Fikri, SE. MM.

2. System Users and Developers
Chapter 4
System Users and Developers

3. Learning Objectives
Know that the organizational content for systems development and use is changing from a physical to a virtual structure.
Know who the information specialists are and how they can be integrated into an information services organization.
Be alert to new directions that the information services organization may take.

4. Learning Objectives (Cont’d)
Understand what is meant by “end-user computing” and why it came about.
Appreciate that users, especially those with an end-user computing capability, are a valuable information resource.
Know the benefits and risks of end-user computing.

5. Learning Objectives (Cont’d)
Be aware of the types of knowledge and skill that are important to systems development.
Appreciate the value of managing the knowledge held by information specialists and users.
Recognize the benefits and risks of the virtual office and the virtual organization.

6. Figure 4.1 Information Systems Support for the Organization

7. Information Services (IS) Organization
Information resources
Information specialists
System analysts
Database administrators
Webmasters
Network specialists
Programmers
Operators

8. IS Organizational Structure
Trend from centralized to decentralized structure.
Divisional information officer (DIO)
Innovative
Partner model
Platform model
Scalable model

9. Figure 4.3 A Network Model of Information Services Organization

10. Network Model (Cont’d)
Visioning network enables the CIO to work with top mgmt. in strategic planning for information resources.
Innovation network is used by the CIO to interface with business areas so that innovations can be developed.
Sourcing network is utilized to interface with vendor for acquiring information resources.

11. End-user Computing
End-user computing (EUC) is the development by users of all or parts of their information systems.
EUC has 4 main influences:
The impact of computer education.
The information services backlog.
Low-cost hardware.
Prewritten software.

12. Benefits of EUC Match capabilities and challenges.
Reduce the communication gap.

13. Risks of EUC Poorly targeted systems.
Poorly designed & documented systems.
Inefficient use of information resources.
Loss of data integrity.
Loss of security.
Loss of control.

14. Education Criteria, Knowledge, & Skills Needed for IS Careers
Systems development knowledge
Computer literacy
Information literacy
Business fundamentals
Systems theory
Systems development process
Systems life cycle (SLC) & Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
Systems modeling

15. Table 4.1 Knowledge Requirements

16. Education Criteria, …(Cont’d)
Systems development skills
Communications skills
Analytical ability
Creativity
Leadership

17. Table 4.2 Skills Requirement

18. Managing the Knowledge
Office automation includes all of the formal & informal electronic systems primarily concerned with the communication of information to and from persons both inside and outside the firm.
Shift from clerical to mangerial problem solving.

19. Virtual Office
Telecommuting describes how employees could electronically “commute” to work.
Hoteling is when the firm provides a central facility that can be shared by employees as the need for office space and support arises.

20. Virtual Office (Cont’d)
Advantages
Reduced facility cost.
Reduced equipment cost.
Reduced work stoppages.
Social contribution.
Disadvantages
Low morale.
Fear of security risks.

21. Virtual Organization
Three I Economy is those industries that are most attracted to the concept of the virtual office & the virtual organization and those that add value in the form of information, ideas, and intelligence.

22. The Human Element
Most important ingredient in the development & use of information systems.
Main players
Users
Information specialists