1. Phase Diagrams

2. The 3 States of Matter
The 3 states of matter are
Solid
Liquid
Gas

3. Kinetic Energy and Temperature
Kinetic Energy KE
The energy of motion
The hotter substance is the more KE it has
As an object heats up, its particles move faster
As an object cools, its particles move slower

4. Solids Most solids are crystals
Crystals are an orderly, repeating 3 dimensional pattern
Most solids have only one known crystal pattern.
Salt (NaCl) is always a cube

5. Normal Points Pressure affects boiling and melting points
At sea level, normal pressure is 1 atm
Normal melting point is the temperature that a substance melts at 1 atm
Normal boiling point is the temperature that a substance boils at 1 atm

6. Phase Diagrams
Graphs with temperature on the X axis and pressure on the Y axis
The diagrams show the boundaries of the states of matter.
Triple point on the graph is where solid, liquids and gas for the substance exist in equilibrium
Critical point – where the temperature is so high the only phase that can exist is a gas
No increase in pressure will cause the substance to become a liquid.

8. Phase diagram of water

9. Phase Diagram of CO2