1. LecturePLUS Timberlake
1.4 Alcohols and Ethers
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2. Alcohols

3. Alcohols
Contain one or more hydroxyl groups, —OH
Named from parent hydrocarbon; suffix changed to -ol and number designates carbon to which hydroxyl is attached.

4. Compounds with Oxygen Atoms
Alcohols -OH hydroxyl CH3-OH
CH3CH2-OH
Phenols
Ethers -O CH3-O-CH3
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5. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check Al1
Classify each as an alcohol (1), phenol (2), or an ether (3):
A. _____ CH3CH2-O-CH3 C. _____ CH3CH2OH
B. _____
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6. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution Al 1
Classify each as an alcohol (1), phenol (2), or an ether (3):
A. __3__ CH3CH2-O-CH3 C. __1__ CH3CH2OH
B. _ 2__
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7. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Naming Alcohols
A carbon compound that contain -OH (hydroxyl) group
In IUPAC name, the -e in alkane name is replaced with -ol.
CH4 methane
CH3OH methanol
CH3CH3 ethane
CH3CH2OH ethanol
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8. LecturePLUS Timberlake
More Names of Alcohols
IUPAC names for longer chains number the chain from the end nearest the -OH group.
CH3CH2CH2OH propan-1-ol OH
CH3CHCH3 propan-2-ol
CH OH
CH3CHCH2CH2CHCH3 5-methylhexan-2-ol
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9. Classification Primary: carbon with –OH is bonded to one other carbon.
Secondary: carbon with –OH is bonded to two other carbons.
Tertiary: carbon with –OH is bonded to three other carbons.
Aromatic (phenol): -OH is bonded to a benzene ring =>
Chapter 10

10. Classify these:
=>
Chapter 10

11. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Some Typical Alcohols OH
“rubbing alcohol” CH3CHCH3
propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol)
antifreeze HO-CH2-CH2-OH
ethane-1,2-diol (ethylene glycol)
glycerol HO-CH2-CH-CH2OH propan-1,2,3-triol
Anti-freeze
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12. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check Al 2
Name the following alcohols:
A OH
CH3CHCHCH2CH3
CH3 OH B.
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13. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution Al 2
Name the following alcohols:
A OH methylpentan-2-ol
CH3CHCHCH2CH3
CH3 OH
B. Cyclobutan-1-ol
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14. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Phenols
IUPAC name for benzene with a hydroxyl group
Many are used as antiseptics and disinfectants
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15. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Phenols in Medicine
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16. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Ethers
Contain an -O- between two carbon groups
Formed by a condensation reaction of 2 alcohols to remove a molecule of water
Methanol reacts with methanol to form
CH3-O-CH3 methoxy methane
Methanol reacts with ethanol to form
CH3-O-CH2CH3 methoxy ethane
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17. Ethers Tend to be quite unreactive.
Therefore, they are good polar solvents.