1. Chemical and physical properties of pantothenic acid
Domina Petric, MD

2. Essential features of the chemical structure:
Formal derivative of pantoic acid and alanine
Optically active
November 30, 2018
Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

3. Panthenol is a provitamin.
Comptox.epa.gov
November 30, 2018
Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

4. Pantothenic acid or B5 Studyandexam.com
November 30, 2018
Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

5. Nomenclature
Pantothenic acid is the trivial designation for the compound dihydroxy-β,β-dimethylbutyryl-β-alanine.
It has two metabolically active forms:
coenzyme A, in which the vitamin is linked via a phosphodiester group with adenosine-3′,5′-diphosphate
acyl-carrier protein, in which it is linked via a phosphodiester to a serinyl residue of the protein
November 30, 2018
Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

6. Chemical and physical properties
Pantothenic acid is composed of β-alanine joined to 2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyric acid via an amide linkage.
The molecule has an asymmetric center and only the R-enantiomer, usually called D-(+)pantothenic acid, biologically active and occurs naturally.
Pantothenic acid is a yellow, viscous oil.
November 30, 2018
Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

7. Chemical and physical properties
Its calcium and other salts are colorless crystalline substances.
Calcium pantothenate is the main product of commerce.
Neither form is soluble in organic solvents, but each is soluble in water and ethanol.
November 30, 2018
Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

8. Chemical and physical properties
Aqueous solutions of pantothenic acid are unstable to heating under acidic or alkaline conditions, resulting in the hydrolytic cleavage of the molecule to yield β-alanine and 2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyrate.
November 30, 2018
Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

9. Chemical and physical properties
The analog panthenol (in which the carboxyl group is replaced by an hydroxymethyl group) is fairly stable in solution.
In dry form, the salts are stable to air and light, but they (particularly sodium pantothenate) are hygroscopic.
November 30, 2018
Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc

10. Literature
Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc
November 30, 2018