1. Slavery Types, History, and Abolition

2. What is slavery?
Slavery (n.): submission to influence dominating influence
Don’t know when slavery began, but it was well established before 1000 B.C.
Historically slavery has been used for
debt holders
Criminals
Prisoners of war (POWs)
Foster care
Dominating, 1000BC, debt, war, foster care

3. Types of Slavery Serfdom Indentured Servitude
Popular in Europe during the Middle Ages
Contract with a lord
Lord offered protection and land
Serf offered loyalty and military service
Indentured Servitude
Most important point: temporary
Labor traded in return for
Travel
Training
Room and board
Serfdom, lord, land, loyalty, military service, temporary

4. Types of Slavery Corvee (Kor-vay) Labor Wage Labor
unpaid labor that a person with power compels a subject to perform
Often used by governments
Not an everyday occurrence
Wage Labor
Mutual agreement between an employer and an employee
Worker sells their labor and any products of their labor to the employer for money
Unpaid, governments, everyday, agreement, money

5. Types of Slavery Chattel Slavery
What we commonly think of when slavery is mentioned
Humans become property
Legally owned for their entire lives
Receive no personal benefits for their work
Violent
Can be born into slavery
Owners have absolute authority
Best example is the millions of Africans taken from their homes and shipped to the Americas, Asia, and Europe beginning in the 16th century
Property, benefits, born, Africans, 16th century

6. The Beginning Slavery, as we think of it today, began in the Caribbean
As demand for sugar cane increased, Europeans began flooding the Caribbean and South America to establish plantations
Initially, natives were used, but they died quickly due to
Hard labor
disease
Not immune to “common” illnesses: cold, flu, etc.
Caribbean, sugar cane, native, disease

7. The Beginning Growing sugar cane requires a lot of labor
As the natives were dying off, European plantation owners needed new workers
Slavery was not initially a racial issue
Africans were not chosen because they were black, but because they were nearby
In 1518, a ship carried the first boatload of African slaves directly from Africa to the Americas
Racial, nearby, 1518,

8. Causes of Slave Labor Convenience Money Greed Demand for
Sugar
cotton
Tobacco
Money (notice money was there 3 times)
Money, cotton, tobacco, Money

9. Growth of the Slave Trade
Slave trade became part of the Triangular Trade (next slide)
In the 16th century, 275,000 slaves were taken from Africa
In the 17th century, over 1 million
In the 18th century, over 6 million
One reason for the high numbers was the high death rate on the journey over
The journey from Africa was brutal
Called the Middle Passage
Chained to the floor
No food, water, or sanitation
275000, 1 million, 6 million, death rate, sanitation, Middle Passage

10. Triangle Trade

11. Sources of Slaves The first slaves taken were POWs
They also were from coastal regions
As the demand for slaves went up, African suppliers were forced to move farther inland to find/capture slaves
Slave selling became a main source of income for many Africans. This caused
Raiding of villages
Falsifying records
Tribal wars
All of this was done to make MONEY!
POWs, villages, records, wars,

12. Effects of the Slave Trade
Created victims
Broken families
Depopulating of regions
Deprived communities of their strongest people
Increased warfare
Social debates
Necessity
Necessary Evil
Evil
Began seeing the beginnings of abolitionism
Victims, strongest people, warfare, abolitionism,

13. Abolitionism
A political and social movement aimed at ending the slave trade
Religious groups led the way (Quakers)
Began appearing after reports on the conditions and horrors of the Middle Passage popped up
By the 1700s, many countries in Europe and Asia had seen a disappearance of slavery in their societies
However, legall slavery and the slave trade was still allowed and accepted
Political, social, Quakers, 1700s, legally,

14. Abolition in France Slave trade was abolished in 1794
Slave owners were to be financially compensated
In 1802, Napoleon decided to re-establish slavery in order to
Keep POWs captive
Help in military crusades
After a lot of fighting and rebellions, slavery was re-abolished in 1848
Today, France considers slavery and slave trading a crime against humanity
1794, 1848, crime against humanity,

15. Abolition in the U.S.
Abolishment in all northern states by 1804
Slow progress – lots of “permanent apprentices”
Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863…this did not end slavery
It was not a law
It only freed slaves living in the states that had seceded from the Union
Technically, Lincoln had no legal right to do that since these states were no longer part of the U.S.
Slavery was officially (and legally) abolished with the passing of the 13th amendment in 1865
1804, law, power, 1865

16. Abolition in Britain
Most abolitionists had both witnessed the cruelty of slavery and were Quakers
Because of their religion, Quakers were not allowed to hold power in Parliament
The leaders of the abolition movement needed a voice in the government…they recruited William Wilberforce
Abolitionists tried to persuade the public by
Passing out pamphlets
Petitions
Autobiographies
Olaudah Equiano (ex-slave, prominent abolitionist)
Parliament, Autobiographies,

17. Abolition in Britain
Using these “grassroots” tactics, the abolition movement became very powerful
In 1807, Parliament passed The Slave Trade Act which outlawed the slave trade in Britain, which fined ships for having slaves aboard
Sailors would throw slaves overboard
Slaves were kept but not sold
Other loopholes
Finally in 1833, the Slavery Abolition Act was passed and all slaves were emancipated in Britain and its colonies
1807, kept, sold, 1833,

18. “Amazing Grace”
The famous Christian hymn Amazing Grace was written by a British man during the time of the abolitionist movement
It also happens to be the name of the movie we will be watching for the next two days. 