1. Life in Extreme Environments
An EET Chapter

2. Case Study
An amazing, accidental discovery

3. Ocean topography
Satellite, ship, submarine and other data is combined together in Geo Map App to reveal what the oceans look like
Oceans look just like land – they have mountains, valleys, hills, and even volcanoes

4. Underwater mountain ranges
Follow plate boundaries
Earthquake and volcano activity occurs here (above and below the water)

6. Hydrothermal vents

7. Discoveries near Galapagos Islands
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8. Other hydrothermal vents were discovered
East Pacific Rise
Underwater mountain range containing vents and living animals in highly toxic, acidic, high-temperature environments
Vents occur at the top of the mountain (volcano)

10. High Resolution A trough exists down the middle
This is where the vents are

12. How is this possible? Vent chemistry Volcanoes Vent biology
Energy from unusual sources

13. More examples Life near underwater vents
An excel sheet with pictures can be included with GeoMapApp

14. Scientists test hypotheses

16. Conclusion
Life can exist thousands of feet below sea level, in very cold, dark and sometimes hot places
Toxic chemicals and extremes in temperature do not stop these creatures from thriving
There is an amazing variety of life near these underwater volcanoes