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4.02 Understand the Functions and Disorders of the Urinary System
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4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Essential Questions What are the functions of the urinary system? What are some disorders of the urinary system? How are disorders of the urinary system treated? How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the urinary system? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Excretion Remove waste products from blood and body Formation of urine Secretes waste products Fluid and electrolyte balance Maintains acid-base balance Elimination of urine Without kidney function, toxic wastes would accumulate in the cells and poison themselves 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Filtration Reabsorption Secretion 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Filtration 1. Blood from renal artery 2. enters _______________ 3. Plasma like fluid __________ from Glomerulus into _____________________ Water Glucose (sugar) Salt Urea/wastes 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Reabsorption Useful substances are ____________back into bloodstream Water, glucose, salts 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Secretion Opposite of Reabsorption
_________ transports waste and substances from blood Components of Urine Urea/wastes Salts Water Acids Ammonia Creatinine Electrolytes (to maintain acid/base balance Secretion
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Path of urine formation!
_______________ Bowman’s capsule __________________ ________________ ___________________ _________________ _____________________ ____________________ Ureter Bladder Urethra Urinary Meatus
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Production of Urine Formation controlled by 2 Hormones Chemical control ADH – Antidiuretic hormone Released by hypothalamus/pituitary gland The amount of ADH produced is related to the level of body hydration Aldosterone Diuretics Inhibit the reabsorption of water 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Urinary Output Average= 1500 ml/day
____________ examination of urine to determine presence of blood cells, bacteria, acidity level, specific gravity and physical characteristics (color, clarity and odor)
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Ureters The tubes _______________________________ _____________
Carry urine from kidney to bladder Smooth muscle tube with mucous membrane lining Peristalsis pushes urine down ureters
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Urinary bladder Located in Pelvic cavity Stores urine – usually about 500 cc Elastic muscular organ that is capable of great expansion to store & aid in the elimination of urine. Emptying urine (____________) is involuntary but controlled through nervous system (voluntary) Voiding: Process by which urine is passed out of the body
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Urethra
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Disorders of the urinary system
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Disorders of the urinary system
________________ Bladder Infection _________________________________ Most common cause: _________________ Symptoms Dysuria (painful urination) Frequent urination More often in females Shorter urethra Rx: Antibiotics 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Nephritis ____________________________(kidney infection)
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4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
UTI _______________________________ Any organ in the Urinary System Kidneys Ureters Bladder Often caused by fecal bacteria in the digestive tract ________________ Rx: Antibiotics, Increase of fluids 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Disorders of the urinary system
_______________________________ Also known as _______________________ Made of Calcium and Uric Acid crystals Gradually get larger until block ureters Large stones can obstruct flow of urine Symptoms Severe pain, nausea, vomiting, frequent urination, chills, fever, hematuria (blood in urine) Rx: Increase fluids, medications, Lithotripsy 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Lithotripsy Surgical procedure to remove kidney stones
______________hit dense stones and break them up. Done on outpatient basis
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Lithotripsy
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Kidney Failure ___________________
Chronic kidney disease leads to a buildup of fluid and waste products in the body. A early sign of acute kidney failure is Oliguria (absent or decreased production of urine)
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Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
Used for _________________ Involves the passage of blood through device with ___________________________________________________________ _____________________ Dialysis serves as substitute kidney Rids the blood of wastes Blood from patient flows through machine and is ____________________ Can be done at home or in clinic Takes 2-4 hours, 2-3 times a week
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Kidney Transplant As a last resort
Only cure for __________________________ __________________________ _______ Involves donor organ from someone with a similar immune system Main complication- rejection
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Terminology Enuresis Gylcosuria Nocturia Polyuria Anuria Hematuria
Diuretic Overactive Bladder Incontinence
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4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Essential Questions What are the functions of the urinary system? What are some disorders of the urinary system? How are disorders of the urinary system treated? How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the urinary system? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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