1. Reproductive System Headings Vocabulary Important Info

2. Male Reproductive System
Functions:
1) Production of sperm
2) Delivery to female
Sperm are produced during Meiosis:
takes 74 days to mature:
mature male makes 300 million per day
Sperm form in Testes in Scrotum
Sperm have to be cooler than body temperature
They move into Epididymis (coiled tube in scrotum) to mature and be stored

3. Path of Sperm
Testes  Epididymis  Vas Deferens  Seminal Vesicle (to get fluid with fructose)  Urethra  out
Urethra also transports urine, but a muscle prevents urine & sperm from mixing
Sperm are moved by Peristalsis out of the body
Prostate Gland at top of urethra contains alkaline fluid to help sperm move
Bulbourethral Gland under prostrate contains alkaline fluid to neutralize acidity in female
Sperm + all fluid= Semen
Sperm can live hours inside a female

4. Female Reproductive System
Functions:
1) Produce eggs
2) Provide environment for a fertilized egg to develop
Egg production is in Ovaries:
Usually 1 per month released in a series of changes in the female reproductive system
Called the Menstrual Cycle
Avg. 28 days
Goes on from puberty until around 40 years old

5. Path of Egg:
Ovary  Oviduct (cilia and peristaltic contractions move egg)  Uterus  Cervix  (if unfertilized, cycle will start again)
If fertilized, egg + sperm = Zygote --> Blastocyte
Implantation into:
Uterus  Embryo  Fetus
Amnion forms around embryo & fills with amniotic fluid
Absorbs shock and regulates temperature
Allantois forms the umbilical cord
Moves nutrients and waste
Chorion forms the placenta
Exchange point
Mother's blood and baby's blood NEVER MIX- nutrients and waste diffuse

6. Baby’s Growth: Fetus will grow (increase # cells)
Develop (cells will form organs)
Specialize (do a certain job)
Baby is inside mother for apx. 280 days
Develops for 266 days or 3 trimesters
Hatching Blastocyte
Day 5 Human Embryo

7. 1st Trimester: 0-13 Weeks Systems develop Heart beats ~ 25th day
Called Embryo until 8 weeks then Fetus
Very sensitive to drinking, smoking & drugs
Many women don't know they are pregnant
Signs of early pregnancy are missed menstrual periods, fatigue, breast enlargement, abdominal distention, and nausea
Sex can be determined
Fetus~28g and 7.5cm long

8. 2nd Trimester: 14 - 26 Weeks Growth Could live outside of mother
Can't maintain body temperature
Lungs not mature
All systems present
Just not mature, very skinny
Week 16
Week 19.5 Fetus

9. 3rd Trimester: 27-40 Weeks Mass triples 7th month can move easily
8th eyes open
9th rotates head down
End 3300g & 51cm long

10. Birth - 3 Stages
1) Dilation of cervix-contractions of closed cervix to 10 cm- may take 24 hours or more
2) Expulsion of baby- baby moves through cervix  birth canal (vagina)  out of mother's body- takes 20 min to 1 hour
3) Placental Stage min after birth-placenta and membranes separate from uterus and are expelled
***Placenta/Cord is cut and tied becomes belly button
1 CM
3 CM
5 CM
8 CM

11. Process of Childbirth 1. Cervix begins to widen and relax
a. This can begin to occur up to 3 weeks before birth
2. Mucus Plug is expelled from mother’s body
a. Usually occurs 2-3 days before labor
3. Amniotic sac ruptures: “water breaks”
a. Usually occurs just before labor begins
b. If labor does not begin w/i several hours, it will be Induced

12. 4. Labor begins: process forcing fetus out of body
Muscular contractions occur as uterus begins to push fetus down birth canal
May last many hours
5. Delivery: passing of child from uterus to external envirn.
6. Umbilical cord is cut and clamped
7. Baby has nose & throat cleared, evaluated & washed
8. Labor will continue until the afterbirth is delivered
a. Afterbirth: placenta, any fluids, blood left in uterus are expelled