1. ATHENS vs. SPARTA
Greek city-states

2. Making Comparisons
 Spend a few minutes briefly listing some terms other people would use to describe Colorado.
Now, compare that with the way you might describe people in another U.S. state, say MA.
How do different states and regions in the U.S. vary? How accurate are your perceptions?

3. location

4. SPARTA & Athens

5. ATHENS SPARTA Democracy Artisitic / Philosophy Free Spirited
Discussion / Debate
Mental / Physical Balance
Open society – all welcome
Based on curiosity, art, music, boys only, public speaking, mentors
Monarchy / Oligarchy
Militaristic
Strict discipline
Speak little / laconic
Strength, personal sacrifice
Closed – little trade or travel
Military training, boarding school (military) age 7 – boys only, reading and writing,
Govt.
Basis of Society
Attitude
Communication
Values
Outside contact
Education

6. Sparta and Athens Sparta was Athens was
oligarchic, and had an agriculture-based economy.
Athens was
democratic, and depended on seafaring and trade.

7. Read and discuss the quatations and determine which civilization—Athens or Sparta—may have influenced the authors of each quotation and explain why

8. Quote #1
"The fundamental motif through all the centuries has been the principle that force and power are the determining factors. All development is struggle. Only force rules. Force is the first law Only through struggle have states and the world become great. If one should ask whether this struggle is gruesome, then the only answer could be—for the weak, yes, for humanity as a whole, no. Instead of everlasting struggle, the world preaches cowardly pacifism, and everlasting peace. These three things, considered in the light of their ultimate consequences, are the causes of the downfall of all humanity.

9. Quote #2
"We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,* that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed."* You may wish to explain the concept of unalienable rights and discuss the meaning of "just powers from the consent of the governed."

10. Women’s roles Athenian: Spartan: sequestered in the home
not educated – trained for domestication
responsible for handicrafts and textiles
Women could be educated if they were Hetaerae
Spartan:
Controlled home and land when husbands were fighting
Could own/control property and
Could overtake husband’s property while he war.
Expected to defend it too and to put down revolts.

12. Athens

14. Athens-A city of the Wise
A city run by thinkers and known for both its military might and wisdom in government and battle
Appropriately named after Athena, goddess of wisdom in battle and counsel, irony?

15. Athens-Democratic Principles
New, democratic ideas emerge from Athenian culture and society:
Direct Democracy: Citizens elect their representatives
Public Debate: Becomes an art in Athens to discuss and argue specifics of government
Duties of the Citizen: All citizens have responsibilities such as voting, participating in the government process

16. Oath to officially enroll male citizen
“Never to disgrace his holy arms, never to forsake his comrade in the ranks, but to fight for the holy temples and the common welfare, alone or with others, to leave his country not in a worse but in a better state than he found it; to obey the magistrates and the laws, and defend them against attacks; finally, to hold in honor the religion of his country.”
What does this oath reveal about Athenian values? How do you think these values affected life in Athens?

17. Sparta
It was here:
SPARTA

18. EDUCATION Athens Sparta No formal education for girls
Boys learned rhetoric, mathematics, reading writing, poetry, music, gymnastics
Sparta
Military school at age 7 for boys
Lived in barracks and stole to survive
Girls learned athletics

20. Discussion Questions Which city-state would be stronger? Why?
Which would you rather live in?
How do you think Spartans viewed Atheians? Vice – Versa?
END DAY 1

21. If you were a young teenage girl of the citizen class in which city-state would you rather live? Why?
If you were a young soldier, in which would you rather live? Why?
If you were a very wealthy person of the citizen class, in which would you rather live? Why?

22. Travel Brochure
 Tell about its advantages to the prospective visitors or potential home owners. Highlights may include: cultural activities (such as drama, music and arts); recreation, athletics and sports; architecture and famous sites; schools
In another smaller section you may want to add "travel alerts" which warn the tourist of some of the dangers he/she might encounter while staying in your city-state.

23. END

24. SPARTA’S LEGACY Military contributions
The Phalanx (shown in the picture)
Training and fighting styles
Plato viewed Sparta as the first attempt at forming an “ideal” community
Simple lifestyle
Laconic – of few words
Spartan – frugal, simple, plain

25. Athenian legacy – Philosophy, architecture, drama, art

26. Athens – birthplace of democracy
Adult male citizens directly participated in affairs of the state
Trial by a jury selected by lot
Ostracism – people could be banished from Athens by vote
Council of 500, the Assembly

27. Social structure ATHENS SPARTA FREEMEN
ARISTOCRATS
SMALL FARMERS
URBAN CRAFTSMEN & TRIREME ROWERS
METICS – CAME FROM OUTSIDE ATHENS; NOT ALLOWED TO OWN LAND
SLAVES – LOWEST CLASS, NO RIGHTS, PROPERTY OF MASTERS
SPARTA
SPARTIATES – MILITARY PROFESSIONALS/ CITIZENS
OUTSIDERS – FREEMEN; ARTISANS, CRAFTSMEN, MERCHANTS
HELOTS – CONQUERED PEOPLES; TREATED LIKE SLAVES; OWED 50% OF PRODUCE TO SPARTIATES

28. Different Values Strength Duty Individuality Discipline Beauty Freedom
Spartan Values
Strength
Duty
Discipline
Athenian Values
Individuality
Beauty
Freedom

29. Women didn’t have the same rights as in Sparta
Expected to take care of the home
Boys were taught reading and writing and
Girls were taught domestic skills by slaves: like spinning and sewing
Not allowed out of the house except nearby travels
Main purpose was to produce healthy children
Unusual considering that women played an important role in some religious rites and the city’s patron goddess was Athena

30. Women cont. Women could be educated if they were Hetaerae
A bit like Japanese geishas
Educated to entertain men with good conversations at parties
Learned physical talents, like dancing
Some forced into prostitution
Despite public social discrimination, their opinions were often respected by men
Pericles’s mistress Aspasia was a hetaera

32. Women More independent than in other city-states
Learned reading/writing
Girls given similar harsh physical training as the boys
Many domestic tasks were left to the helots & periokoi
Received same amount/quality of food as boys
Could own/control property and
Could overtake husband’s property while he war.
Expected to defend it too and to put down revolts.
Not rushed into bearing children.
Husbands also allowed other men to bed their wives and produce children.
May have practiced polyandry.

33. This was to preserve itself as well as to keep down the helots
Culture
Sparta was a military culture
The entire Spartan culture went towards developing and fielding a strong army
This was to preserve itself as well as to keep down the helots
Children were taught at home until they were seven
At Seven, began their training
Exercises for them and all ages were always in the nude.
At 13, they were dropped off in the woods in groups with nothing…had to survive (without theft)

34. Spartan mother to her son as he goes off to war:
MILITARY SERVICE
Began military service at 20
Soldiers not allowed to trade or hold non-military occupations.
These were done by a class called the periokoi, free non-citizen inhabitants of Sparta.
Exercised full rights and duties of citizens at 30.
Weren’t free from military service until 60.
To help ensure the physical superiority of their people, babies were bathed in wine shortly after birth.
If they survived, they were taken to elders.
If the elders deemed the baby unfit, it was left exposed to die on a hillside (other city-states practiced exposure).
Spartan mother to her son as he goes off to war:
“Return with your shield, or on it.”