1. Chapter 7 The Constitution of the United States

2. introduces the Constitution
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
The Preamble
introduces the Constitution
states the source of government’s power and the six purposes of government

3. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
Article I: The Legislative Branch The primary function of the legislative branch is to make laws. This power belongs to Congress, which has two houses. A two-house legislative system is called a bicameral system.

4. Section 1: Legislative Power of Congress
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Section 1: Legislative Power of Congress
Section 2: House of Representatives
The number of representatives each state receives is determined by its population.

5. House membership today: 435
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Any direct federal taxation of the states must be distributed according to population.
House membership today: 435
A census is taken every ten years to determine the number of representatives

6. head of the House: Speaker of the House
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
head of the House: Speaker of the House
elected by House members
The House has the sole power of impeachment—the filling of charges against a major federal official.

7. Each state has two senators, who serve six-year terms.
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Section 3: Senate
Each state has two senators, who serve six-year terms.
Originally, state legislatures elected senators.
One-third of the senators are up for election every two years.

8. qualifications of senators
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
qualifications of senators
at least thirty years old
citizens for at least nine years
residents of the state they represent
head of the Senate
vice president
president pro tempore

9. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
The Senate acts as a trial court for impeachment cases. Two-thirds of the senators must vote for conviction in order to remove the official from office.

10. Section 4: Congressional Elections
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Section 4: Congressional Elections
State legislatures have the right to administer congressional elections in their states, but they must follow any regulations established by Congress.
Congress is to meet at least once a year.

11. Each house judges it own elections.
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Section 5: Procedure
Each house judges it own elections.
Each house keeps a journal or record of what it does each day.
One house cannot adjourn for more than three days without the permission of the other.

12. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
Section 6: Salary
Senators and representatives are public employees paid salaries by the U.S. Treasury.
A congressman must give up any other federal offices he holds to become a congressman.

13. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
Section 7: Bills
Bills dealing with money must start in the House, but the Senate may make changes if it desires.
In order for a bill to become a law, it must be passed by both houses and signed by the president.

14. The president can veto a bill.
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
The president can veto a bill.
Congress may override the president’s veto with a two-thirds vote of both houses, and the bill becomes law.

15. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
All other acts requiring approval of both houses of Congress (except the decision to adjourn Congress) require the signature of the president or the overriding of his veto by a two-thirds vote of both houses.

16. Section 8: Enumerated Powers of Congress power to tax
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Section 8: Enumerated Powers of Congress
power to tax
power to borrow money
power to regulate trade with foreign nations, within the country, and with the Indians

17. power to regulate naturalization and bankruptcy laws
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
power to regulate naturalization and bankruptcy laws
power to control the nation’s currency and the standard weights and measurements
power to punish those who illegally interfere in the currency system

18. power to provide needed offices and roads for the postal service
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
power to provide needed offices and roads for the postal service
power to issue copyrights and patents
power to establish federal courts other than the Supreme Court

19. alone has the power to declare war
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
power to determine what acts committed at sea are crimes and to commit offenders to courts for trial
alone has the power to declare war
may create an army, but it cannot vote to use money to support the army more than two years ahead of time

20. power to create a navy and to vote for money to support it
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
power to create a navy and to vote for money to support it
power to make the rules for the armed services
may call the state militias (now the National Guard) into service for the national government

21. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
power to organize, arm, and discipline the militias, while the states appoint the officers and train these troops
power to make laws for the District of Columbia and for all federal properties such as military installations or bases

22. “necessary and proper” clause
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
“necessary and proper” clause
lets Congress do what it believes is necessary and proper to carry out any listed power
sometimes called the elastic clause

23. Section 9: Powers Forbidden to the Federal Government
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Section 9: Powers Forbidden to the Federal Government
Congress could not interfere with slavery until after 1808.
It may not take away a person’s right of habeas corpus except in times of extreme danger.

24. It cannot levy a direct tax that is not equal for all citizens.
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
It cannot pass a bill of attainder, which permits punishment without a trial, or an ex post facto law, which makes a law retroactive.
It cannot levy a direct tax that is not equal for all citizens.
It cannot tax the exports of the states.

25. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
Congress cannot give preference to any port or state through its laws, and it cannot tax trade between states.
Money from the treasury can be spent only if Congress approves, and a record of income and expenditures must be published.

26. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
The U.S. cannot grant titles of nobility, nor can its officials accept titles or honors from foreign countries without the permission of Congress.

27. Section 10: Powers Denied to the States
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Section 10: Powers Denied to the States
forbidden to keep troops or ships (except a state militia), make alliances with foreign powers, or declare war
may respond to attacks if invaded

28. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
Article II: The Executive Branch The primary function of the executive branch is to carry out the nation’s laws.

29. Section 1: The President and Vice President Both serve four-year terms
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Section 1: The President and Vice President
Both serve four-year terms
The president is still elected by the Electoral College.
The Senate and House oversee the counting of the electors’ votes.

30. Congress determines the time for the president’s election.
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Congress determines the time for the president’s election.
The President must be (1) a natural-born citizen, (2) at least thirty-five years of age, and (3) a resident of the U.S. for at least fourteen years.

31. Presidential Succession
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Presidential Succession
the vice president
the Speaker of the House of Representatives
the president pro tempore of the Senate
members of the president’s cabinet in order of the creation of their departments

32. The President’s salary stays the same throughout his term.
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
The President’s salary stays the same throughout his term.
The Constitution dictates the president’s oath of office. George Washington added the words “so help me God” to the end of the oath, and that addition has become a tradition.

33. Section 2: Presidential Powers Commander of the armed forces
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Section 2: Presidential Powers
Commander of the armed forces
May call the opinion of his cabinet
May grant reprieves and pardons
May make treaties
must be approved by a two-thirds majority of the Senate

34. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
May appoint ambassadors, ministers, consuls, judges, and other officers as allowed by Congress with approval of the Senate
Can fill vacancies in offices without Senate approval if the Senate is out of session

35. Section 3: Presidential Responsibilities
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Section 3: Presidential Responsibilities
Gives the State of the Union address
Can suggest that Congress pass certain legislation

36. Can convene both houses Can intervene on adjournment
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Can convene both houses
Can intervene on adjournment
Receives ambassadors

37. The Process of Impeachment
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Section 4: Impeachment
The Process of Impeachment
The president can be impeached for aiding an enemy; giving or accepting money, gifts, or favors illegally; serious crimes; or bad behavior.

38. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
Article III: The Judicial Branch The primary function of the judicial branch is to interpret the law.

39. Section 1: Supreme Court and Inferior Courts
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Section 1: Supreme Court and Inferior Courts
Section 2: Cases that the Federal Courts Must Decide

40. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
Section 3: Treason
To be convicted of treason, the accused must either confess to it or have two people who saw it testify in an open court.
The punishment extends only to the life of the person himself, not his family.

41. Article IV: Interstate Relations
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Article IV: Interstate Relations

42. Section 1: Full Faith and Credit Among States
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Section 1: Full Faith and Credit Among States
Section 2: Mutual Duties of States
Section 3: New States
Section 4: Republican Form of Government and Protection

43. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
Article V: Amending the Constitution Two-thirds of both houses of Congress or two-thirds of the states in convention propose amendments.

44. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
Article VI: Constitutional and National Supremacy The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the nation. All national and state officers promise to support the Constitution.

45. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
Article VII: Ratifying the Constitution Nine of the thirteen states had to ratify the Constitution to start the new form of government.

46. Amendments to the Constitution
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Amendments to the Constitution

47. Problems of the Civil War era Amendments 13–15 Progressive Amendments
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
The Bill of Rights
Amendments 1–10
Problems of the Civil War era
Amendments 13–15
Progressive Amendments
Amendments 16–19

48. Amendment I: Five Freedoms
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Amendment I: Five Freedoms
religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition
Amendment II: The Right to Bear Arms
Amendment III: No Quartering of Troops

49. Amendment IV: No Unreasonable Searches
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Amendment IV: No Unreasonable Searches
Amendment V: Rights of the Accused
Amendment VI: Rights of the Accused in Criminal Trials

50. Amendment VII: Rights of Citizens in Civil Trials
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Amendment VII: Rights of Citizens in Civil Trials
Amendment VIII: Cruel, Unusual, and Unjust Punishments

51. Amendment IX: Unlisted Rights
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Amendment IX: Unlisted Rights
Amendment X: Unlisted Rights Go to States or to the People
Amendment XI: Suing States (1798)
Amendment XII: Separate Ballots for President and Vice President (1804)

52. Amendment XIII: Slavery (1865) abolished slavery
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Amendment XIII: Slavery (1865)
abolished slavery
Amendment XIV: Citizenship (1868)
Amendment XV: Black Voting Rights (1870)

53. Amendment XVI: Income Tax (1913)
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Amendment XVI: Income Tax (1913)
Amendment XVII: Direct Election of Senators (1913)

54. Amendment XVIII: Prohibition (1919)
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Amendment XVIII: Prohibition (1919)
forbidding the manufacture, sale, or transportation of liquor
Amendment XIX: Women’s Suffrage (1920)

55. Amendment XX: Lame Duck Amendment (1933)
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Amendment XX: Lame Duck Amendment (1933)
The dates for starting terms for the president, senators, and representatives to take office were changed.

56. Amendment XXI: Repeal of Prohibition (1933)
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Amendment XXI: Repeal of Prohibition (1933)
Amendment XXII: Presidential Terms (1951)
Amendment XXIII: Voting for Washington, D.C. (1961)

57. Amendment XXIV: No Poll Tax (1964)
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Amendment XXIV: No Poll Tax (1964)
Amendment XXV: Presidential Succession (1967)
If the vice-presidency becomes vacant, the president can appoint a new vice president with the approval of both the House and the Senate.

58. Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United Statespp
The president can transfer his duties to the vice president when he is unable to perform them.
Example: when he is undergoing surgery and is under anesthetic and therefore unable to make decisions

59. Amendment XXVI: Eighteen-Year-Old Vote (1971)
Chapter 7 – The Constitution of the United States pp
Amendment XXVI: Eighteen-Year-Old Vote (1971)
Amendment XXVII: Congressional Pay Raises (1992)
Any vote for a pay increase for senators and representatives cannot take effect until after the next election.