1. 7-3 the Mongol Empire
Essential question: Examine why Kublai Khan did not want Chinese to fill important government jobs.

2. Mongol invasion Genghis Khan = Universal Ruler
Mongols are nomads that lived in northwest China
Temujin united the Mongol tribes defeating rival tribes
Became the khan= ruler of all the Mongols
Genghis Khan = Universal Ruler
Invaded northern China, moved
1221 Mongols conquered all of Central Asia

4. Mongol Empire Ogadai (Genghis’ son) takes power
1227 Genghis Khan died
Ogadai (Genghis’ son) takes power
Captures the northern China, Persia and Russia
4 large khanates are created each ruled by a descendants of Kublai Khans
1279 Mongols defeat the Song
Mongols control all of China

6. Mongol Government Mongols are the first foreign power to rule China
Kublai Khan was the first to ruler in 300 years to rule all of China
Mongols are the first foreign power to rule China
Kept many parts of the Chinese government
Built the capital in Beijing in traditional Chinese style
Named himself emperor
Keeping Chinese traditions made it easy for Kublai to control

7. Mongol Government
Kept Chinese politicians from gaining too much control
Ended civil service exam
Gave important government jobs to Mongols or trusted foreigners
Rebuilt China after years of warfare
Restored the Grand Canal to reach Beijing and Hangzhou
Promoted trade with rest of the world
Used Confucian scholars to educate the sons of Mongol nobility

8. Food for thought
Why would Kublai give important government positions to Mongols or trusted foreigner and keep the Chinese politician in minor government jobs with little or no power?

9. Mongol ascendancy Mongol control
Welcomed merchants from foreign lands
Kept trade routes open and safe
Silk Road stretched from China to the Black Sea
To Europe: silks, porcelain, tea
To China: new foods, plants and minerals
Mongols developed sea trade
From Indian Ocean and South China Sea to Guangzhou Fushou

11. Marco Polo Merchant from Venice Italy
Traveled the Silk Road with his father and Uncle
1275 arrived in China stayed 17 years
Became assistant to Kublai Khan
Wrote a book about his adventures
Increased European traded with China