1. What makes life EVOLVE ON EARTH?

2. We have learned how much of an impact GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES have had on LIFE.

3. EVIDENCE of GEOLOGIC PROCESSES’ INCREDIBLE IMPACT ON LIFE!
INDEX FOSSILS (brief, but widespread) ______
HOW MUCH ________ HAVE MOVED ALL OVER
SHOWS us FOSSILS in _____ places
how LIFE is FORCED to EVOLVE or DIE from these _________________ CHANGES
EARTHQUAKES, TSUNAMIS, VOLCANOS can CHANGE ENVIRONMENTS big time!
SUPERVOLCANOS have brought MASS _____________ in the past
METEOR IMPACTS can reset life on Earth as it did 65 million years ago

4. EVIDENCE of GEOLOGIC PROCESSES’ INCREDIBLE IMPACT ON LIFE!
INDEX FOSSILS (brief, but widespread) DATE
HOW MUCH PLATES HAVE MOVED ALL OVER
SHOWS us FOSSILS in ODD places
how LIFE is FORCED to EVOLVE or DIE from these ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
EARTHQUAKES, TSUNAMIS, VOLCANOS can CHANGE ENVIRONMENTS big time!
SUPERVOLCANOS have brought MASS EXTINCTION in the past
METEOR IMPACTS can reset life on Earth as it did 65 million years ago

5. EVIDENCE of GEOLOGIC PROCESSES’ INCREDIBLE IMPACT ON LIFE!
INDEX FOSSILS (brief, but widespread) DATE
HOW MUCH PLATES HAVE MOVED ALL OVER
SHOWS us FOSSILS in ODD places
how LIFE is FORCED to EVOLVE or DIE from these ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
EARTHQUAKES, TSUNAMIS, VOLCANOS can CHANGE ENVIRONMENTS big time!
SUPERVOLCANOS have brought MASS EXTINCTION in the past
METEOR IMPACTS can reset life on Earth as it did 65 million years ago

6. Natural GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES (both slow or dramatic) have forced life to adapt to or die from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

7. Natural GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES (both slow or dramatic) have FORCED life to adapt to or die from ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

8. EVIDENCE of GEOLOGIC PROCESSES’ INCREDIBLE IMPACT ON LIFE!
INDEX FOSSILS (brief, but widespread)
HOW MUCH PLATES HAVE MOVED ALL OVER
Giving us FOSSILS in ODD places
FORCING LIFE to EVOLVE or DIE from these ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
EARTHQUAKES, TSUNAMIS, VOLCANOS can CHANGE ENVIRONMENTS big time!
SUPERVOLCANOS have brought MASS EXTINCTION in the past
METEOR IMPACTS can reset life on Earth as it did 65 million years ago
GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES (fast & slow)
FORCE LIFE TO DIVERSIFY

9. EVIDENCE of GEOLOGIC PROCESSES’ INCREDIBLE IMPACT ON LIFE!
INDEX FOSSILS (brief, but widespread)
HOW MUCH PLATES HAVE MOVED ALL OVER
Giving us FOSSILS in ODD places
FORCING LIFE to EVOLVE or DIE from these ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
EARTHQUAKES, TSUNAMIS, VOLCANOS can CHANGE ENVIRONMENTS big time!
SUPERVOLCANOS have brought MASS EXTINCTION in the past
METEOR IMPACTS can reset life on Earth as it did 65 million years ago
GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES FORCE LIFE TO DIVERSIFY (become different)

10. EVIDENCE of GEOLOGIC PROCESSES’ INCREDIBLE IMPACT ON LIFE!
INDEX FOSSILS (brief, but widespread)
HOW MUCH PLATES HAVE MOVED ALL OVER
Giving us FOSSILS in ODD places
FORCING LIFE to EVOLVE or DIE from these ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
EARTHQUAKES, TSUNAMIS, VOLCANOS can CHANGE ENVIRONMENTS big time!
SUPERVOLCANOS have brought MASS EXTINCTION in the past
METEOR IMPACTS can reset life on Earth as it did 65 million years ago
GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES FORCE LIFE TO DIVERSIFY (become different

11. Besides natural processes?
But what ELSE (besides fast & slow geological processes) impacts life on Earth?
Besides natural processes?

12. But what ELSE impacts LIFE on Earth?
Besides natural processes?

13. What do HUMANS DO?

14. What do HUMANS DO?
We DESTROY HABITATS meant for wildlife

15. What do HUMANS DO?
We DESTROY HABITATS meant for wildlife

16. What do HUMANS DO?
We DESTROY HABITATS meant for wildlife

17. What do HUMANS DO?
We DESTROY HABITATS meant for wildlife

18. What do HUMANS DO?
We DESTROY HABITATS meant for wildlife

19. What do HUMANS DO? We affect GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.
We DESTROY HABITATS meant for wildlife.
We affect GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.

20. What do HUMANS DO? We affect GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.
We DESTROY HABITATS meant for wildlife.
We affect GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.

21. What do HUMANS DO? We DESTROY HABITATS meant for wildlife.
We affect GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.

22. What do HUMANS DO? We affect GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.
We DESTROY HABITATS meant for wildlife.
We affect GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.

23. What do HUMANS DO? We affect GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.
We DESTROY HABITATS meant for wildlife.
We affect GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.

24. What do HUMANS DO? We affect GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.
We DESTROY HABITATS meant for wildlife.
We affect GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.
GREENHOUSE GAS
EFFECT!

25. What do HUMANS DO? We affect GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.
We DESTROY HABITATS meant for wildlife.
We affect GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.

26. THE EVOLUTION OF all life is STRONGLY LINKED TO PLATE TECTONICS & RECENTLY _______ activity!

27. THE EVOLUTION OF all life is STRONGLY LINKED TO PLATE TECTONICS & RECENTLY HUMAN activity!

28. SPECIES EVOLVE over GENERATIONS in RESPONSE to CHANGES to their ENVIRONMENT!
NATURAL or __________

29. EVIDENCE of GEOLOGIC PROCESSES’ INCREDIBLE IMPACT ON LIFE!
INDEX FOSSILS (brief, but widespread) DATE
HOW MUCH PLATES HAVE MOVED ALL OVER
Giving us FOSSILS in ODD places
FORCING LIFE to EVOLVE or DIE from these ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
EARTHQUAKES, TSUNAMIS, VOLCANOS can CHANGE ENVIRONMENTS big time!
SUPERVOLCANOS have brought MASS EXTINCTION in the past
METEOR IMPACTS can reset life on Earth as it did 65 million years ago

30. Natural or man-made???

31. SPECIES EVOLVE over GENERATIONS in RESPONSE to CHANGES to their ENVIRONMENT!
NATURAL or MAN-MADE

32. SPECIES EVOLVE over GENERATIONS in RESPONSE to CHANGES to their ENVIRONMENT!
NATURAL or MAN-MADE

33. WHAT EXACTLY IS A “SPECIES”?
define “species”

34. Why is a LION a species?
AFRICAN LION

35. Why is a TIGER a species?
AFRICAN LION
SIBERIAN TIGER

36. BUT A LIGER IS NOT A SPECIES?

37. LIONS can make more lions

38. TIGERS can make more tigers

39. BUT ALL LIGERS ARE STERILE. They cannot make more ligers.

40. BUT ALL LIGERS ARE STERILE. They cannot make more ligers.
NOT A SPECIES!

41. If a living species cannot adapt to new ENVIRONMENTAL challenges, the entire species can DISAPPEAR.

42. If a living species cannot adapt to new ENVIRONMENTAL challenges, the entire species can DISAPPEAR.

43. If a living species cannot adapt to new ENVIRONMENTAL challenges, the entire species can DISAPPEAR.

44. Of all the species that have been on earth
Of all the species that have been on earth. How many are still here today?

45. Only 0.1% of life is still here as is…most of them are M _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Of all species that have existed on Earth, 99.9 percent are now extinct.
Only 0.1% of life is still here as is…most of them are M _ _ _ _ _ _ _

46. Only 0.1% of life is still here as is…most of them are MICROBES
Of all species that have existed on Earth, 99.9 percent are now extinct.
Only 0.1% of life is still here as is…most of them are MICROBES

47. LOTS of SPECIES perished in five cataclysmic events.
Many of them perished in five cataclysmic events.

48. See how we’ve only had complex life only recently on Earth.
THREE mass extinctions
started life over just in the
since the PRECAMBRIAN

49. LOTS of SPECIES perished in five cataclysmic events.
Many of them perished in five cataclysmic events.

50. Of all species that have existed on Earth, 99
Of all species that have existed on Earth, 99.9 percent are now extinct.
Many of them perished in five cataclysmic events. According to a recent poll, seven out of ten biologists think we are currently in the throes of a sixth mass extinction. Some say it could wipe out as many as 90 percent of all species living today. Other scientists dispute such dire projections.

51. EXTINCTIONS are COMMON in species.
What are the odds that HUMANS will be here 200 million years from now?????

52. But, not all is lost!!!!

53. EXTINCTION does NOT ALWAYS mean an entire SPECIES DIES…

54. When a big asteroid hit our planet 65 million years ago,
Placard activity

55. When a big asteroid hit our planet 65 million years ago, many BIG dinosaurs disappeared because they died off without food from the sun!

56. But a few LUCKY dinosaur species survived this cold, Long, hungry winter.

57. But a few LUCKY dinosaur species survived this cold, Long, hungry winter.
Which species
were more likely to survive:
carnivores (meat eaters)
herbivores (plant eaters)
omnivores (both)

58. But a few LUCKY dinosaur species survived this cold, Long, hungry winter.
Which species
were more likely to survive:
carnivores (meat eaters)
herbivores (plant eaters)
omnivores (both)

59. But a few LUCKY dinosaur species survived this cold, Long, hungry winter.
SUCCESSFUL SPECIES ADJUSTED THEIR DIET TO EAT ALMOST ANYTHING, PLANTS or ANIMALS.

60. But a few LUCKY dinosaur species survived this cold, Long, hungry winter.
WHICH DINOSAUR SPECIES WOULD BE MORE LIKELY SURVIVE THE COLDER, SUNLESS SKIES?
LEATHER SKINNED
FEATHER-COVERED
SCALEY-SKINNED

61. But a few LUCKY dinosaur species survived this cold, Long, hungry winter.
WHICH DINOSAUR SPECIES WOULD BE MORE LIKELY SURVIVE THE COLDER, SUNLESS SKIES?
LEATHER SKINNED
FEATHER-COVERED
SCALEY-SKINNED

62. But a few LUCKY dinosaur species survived this cold, Long, hungry winter.
WHICH 2 DINOSAUR SPECIES WERE BETTER ADAPTED TO SURVIVE ON THE LITTLE FOOD LEFT AFTER THE METEOR HIT?
SMALL, HEAVY TERRESTRIAL REPTILES
LARGE, HEAVY, AQUATIC REPTILES
SMALL, HEAVY AQUATIC REPTILES
SMALL, LIGHT, TERRESTRIAL REPTILES

63. But a few LUCKY dinosaur species survived this cold, Long, hungry winter.
WHICH 2 DINOSAUR SPECIES WERE BETTER ADAPTED TO SURVIVE ON THE LITTLE FOOD LEFT AFTER THE METEOR HIT?
SMALL, HEAVY TERRESTRIAL REPTILES
LARGE, HEAVY, AQUATIC REPTILES
SMALL, HEAVY AQUATIC REPTILES
SMALL, LIGHT, TERRESTRIAL REPTILES

64. But a few LUCKY dinosaur species survived this cold, Long, hungry winter.
WHICH 2 DINOSAUR SPECIES WERE BETTER ADAPTED TO SURVIVE ON THE LITTLE FOOD LEFT AFTER THE METEOR HIT?
SMALL, HEAVY TERRESTRIAL REPTILES
LARGE, HEAVY, AQUATIC REPTILES
SMALL, HEAVY AQUATIC REPTILES
SMALL, LIGHT, TERRESTRIAL REPTILES

65. But a few LUCKY dinosaur species survived this cold, Long, hungry winter.
RATHER THAN DISAPPEAR, SOME SMALLER DINOSAUR SPECIES ACTUALLY THRIVED OVER MANY GENERATIONS WITH MORE FEATHERS, BEING MORE LIGHTWEIGHT AND EAT ANYTHING AVAILABLE.

66. So, those smaller omnivore dinosaurs which slowly adapted over many generations into feathery flying creatures were no longer dinosaurs, they actually CHANGED into another species!

67. Sometimes when a SPECIES becomes EXTINCT…it slowly EVOLVED into another species!

68. Loss of polar bear habitat has forced polar bears to get closer to grizzly bears in Canada.

69. These baby “grolar bears” are probably sterile, but if someday, a few are NOT, then a new species of bear is made!

70. Sometimes when a SPECIES becomes EXTINCT…it slowly EVOLVED into another species!

71. Many of them perished in five cataclysmic events.
NOT HERE, LOTS of SPECIES LOST THEIR LIVES WITH 5 DRAMATIC CHANGE in HABITAT
Many of them perished in five cataclysmic events.

72. evolution (BOTH GEOLOGICAL & BIOLOGICAL) USUALLY INVOLVES SLOW CHANGE.

73. Many of them perished in five cataclysmic events.
Most of the time, we just have normal, smooth, gradual evolution with background extinctions.
Many of them perished in five cataclysmic events.

74. evolution (BOTH GEOLOGICAL & BIOLOGICAL) USUALLY INVOLVES SLOW CHANGE.