1. The Foundations of Islam

2. Agenda
Bell Ringer: What caused Islam to spread rapidly through the Middle East and Africa?
Lecture: The Origins of Islam
Sunni/Shia Split Chart
Interpreting the Quran
Test stuff
HW: Read Chapter 7

3. Basic Beliefs Holy book = Quran
Not translated for fear of changing message.
Besides Five Pillars, they must be tolerant and generous, no pork, and no alcohol.
Jihad = Holy War, struggle for faith.

4. The Five Pillars of Islam
Profession of Faith
One god
Five Daily Prayers
Paying Zakat
Fasting during Ramadan
The Pilgrimage to Mecca

5. Foundations of Islam
Muhammad returns in 630, and rededicates the Kaaba for Allah.
Dies in 632 A.D.
Islam spreads to Middle East and North Africa.

6. 632 A.D. When Muhammad died, Abu Bakr took over as caliph.
Expanded Islam north.
634 A.D. Umar succeeded Abu Bakr
Took control of former Persian Empire, Iraq, and North Africa.

8. Umar’s successor, Uthman is murdered.
Ali chosen to succeed, but Uthman’s relative Muawiyah protests.
Ali murdered when war breaks out between both sides in 661 A.D.

9. The Split Sunni Shia Sufi Mu’awiyah accepted as caliph.
Believed Ali and followers should be caliph.
Simple life of harmony.
Way of the prophet.
Imams – Ali’s descendants.
Faith in Allah is the only mark of worth.
Agreement among muslims should settle worldly matters
Agreement with imams should decide religious matters.

10. Despite the split, Islam continues to spread into North Africa.
Berbers convert.
Arab Expansion goes until the 1400s A.D.
Ottoman Turks take Constantinople in 1453 A.D.