1. Binder Set-up Tabs for Binder Multiple Choice Completed Essays
Tests/Quizzes
AP “Cheat” Sheets
Other

2. Spiral Notebooks
Bell Work and other daily writing assignments as well as note-taking will be done in your spiral notebooks. The first portion will be for Tone/Diction/Detail/Imagery/Figurative language/Syntax analysis (T.D.D.I.F.S) the 2nd section is for Notes, and the 3rd section is for miscellaneous activities.
As we begin working in the spirals, I will tell you which section you should be using.

3. Rhetorical Device Notecards Overview

4. Introduction to Rhetoric
AP English Language & Composition
Mrs. McAuliffe 2016

5. What is Rhetoric?
* To many people, “rhetoric” signals that trickery or deception is afoot. (Think politicians)
* Greek philosopher Aristotle defined rhetoric as the use of the “available means of persuasion.”
* In other words, the study of effective and/or persuasive language.

6. What Does Being Skilled at Rhetoric Mean?
Having the ability to observe other people’s work with a discerning eye and a critical ear.
Reading not only for main points but also analyzing the decisions the rhetor makes as he/she works to accomplish a purpose
Decisions = tone/imagery/details/fig. language/appeals/organization
Developing a menu of writing techniques, strategies, and skills.

7. What is Rhetoric?
Rhetoric is always situational – the speaker must make careful decisions based on the following if they hope to be successful in accomplishing their purpose -
Context
Purpose
The occasion or time and place it was written or spoken; events or circumstances that help determine meaning.
The goal that the speaker or writer wants to achieve; one’s intention or objective.

8. Is the speaker trying to win agreement? Persuade us to take action?
When we read any text, we ask about the context in which it was written.
Then we consider the purpose:
Is the speaker trying to win agreement?
Persuade us to take action?
Evoke sympathy?
Make someone laugh?
Inform ?
Provoke?
Celebrate?
Show disapproval?
Put forth a proposal?
Bring about a favorable decision?

9. The Subject and the Speaker
After considering the context and the purpose, the speaker/writer can address his/her subject.
Speaker: the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing.
Subject: the topic addressed in a piece of writing

10. Lou Gehrig’s Speech
Click on the baseball player for a link to the speech
* Baseball player
* Recently learned he was suffering from ALS
* Considered one of the all-time most heartfelt, powerful – and brief (under 300 words) – speeches.
Directions – As you listen, identify the Speaker, Subject, Purpose, and Audience. Then, write a few sentences as to why Gehrig’s speech was effective.

11. Gehrig’s Speech Context Purpose
* In between games of a double-header.
* The celebration of his athletic career and the life threatening diagnosis he had received.
Purpose
* Within this context, his purpose is to remain positive by looking on the bright side – his past luck and present optimism – and downplaying the bleak outlook.
Subject: Baseball in general, the NY Yankees in particular
Main Idea/Thesis/Claim/Assertion:
- he’s the “luckiest man on the face of the earth.”
Audience:
his fans, those in the stadium, and those who will hear it from afar. People rooting for him on and off the field.
His fellow athletes
His coaches

12. What makes his speech effective?
Purpose: Remain positive, downplay the bleak outlook for his health/career
Effective…
* makes only one, straightforward reference to his life-threatening diagnosis – “bad break.”
* no blame, no self-pity, no plea for sympathy.
* maintains his focus – to celebrate the occasion and get back to work – that is playing baseball.
* knows his subject well – baseball
* knows himself as a speaker – he isn’t a polished orator or a highly sophisticated writer; therefore, he presents himself as a common, modest man who is glad for the life he’s lived.
Gehrig’s understanding of how his subject (main idea), speaker, and audience interact determines his speech: plainspoken, positive appreciation for what he has had, and a champion's courageous acceptance for the challenges that lie before him.

13. Other things to Consider…
Sometimes the context arises from current events or cultural bias.
Bias: prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.
Example: Someone writing about freedom of speech in a community that has experienced hate graffiti must take that context into account and adjust the purpose of the piece so as not to offend anyone in the audience.

14. Main idea terminology
Main idea - a clear and focused statement We can also refer to the main idea as the thesis, claim, or assertion. Thesis: the central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer. Gehrig - “Luckiest man on the face of the earth.” Claim: an assertion, usually supported by evidence Thesis statements in a work may be explicit or implicit; they are either directly stated or implied.

15. REVIEW RHETORIC – “AVAILABLE MEANS” TO COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY CONTEXT
HOMEWORK:
Go to weebly open the power point
Turn to the 1st page of your notes section.
Title – Introduction to Rhetoric
Take notes on today’s power point
Cornell
Outline
Other
RHETORIC – “AVAILABLE MEANS” TO COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY
CONTEXT
PURPOSE
SPEAKER
AUDIENCE
Tomorrow we discuss