1. Principles of Democracy
Unit 1, Ch1 Intro

2. “Supreme Law of the Land”
In the United States, the US Constitution is the Supreme Law.
No law and no person can override the Constitution.

3. The Principles of Democracy
…are the basic rules that the people of the United States live by.
Are 7 basic principles or rules for all of us to follow in order to peacefully live together as one nation.

4. Principles of Democracy
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
Limited Government
FEDERALISM
Republicanism
SEPARATION OF POWERS
Checks and Balances
INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS

5. Click on the Principles below to continue
Popular Sovereignty
Limited Government
Federalism
Republicanism
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Individual Rights
Finished ALL of the above? Then click here for review

6. Popular Sovereignty
Political power rests with the people who can create, alter and abolish their government.
In our country, this principle is found in the Constitution’s __________

7. Preamble
“We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, …. do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”

8. We, the People can …
Amend the Constitution to keep up with today’s generation
Elect our representatives to go to Congress to express our wishes
Petition the government to do something we want
And lots more!!

9. Remember – Return to “Principles”
Popular Sovereignty means We, the People control our government!
Return to “Principles”

10. Limited Government
Does this mean we can tell our government what to do or what not to do?

11. YES!!!
In the Constitution, the people established the government to serve us. We were tired of the abusive King and fought for independence. We did not want to be abused by another king or government so we ….

12. MADE RULES FOR GOVERNMENT!

13. Powers granted Government can only do certain things like
Pass new laws or taxes if a majority of our representatives in Congress agrees
Coin money
Make treaties with foreign nations
Raise an army and navy
Regulate trade between the states [interstate commerce]
And more.

14. Powers denied Government can NOT do certain things
Why is First Lady Michelle Obama not called a Queen?
We have no titles of nobility in the United States
Can Congress pass a law today that says what we did yesterday was wrong?

15. NO WAY!
These types of laws are called ex post facto laws. The Constitution prohibits Congress and state governments from passing such unfair laws.
Can a state declare war on another country?

16. NO.
The Constitution only gives the national government the power to declare war.
Think of the mess we would be in if 50 different states could declare war!

18. Limited Government
Congress and the state governments are restricted by what the Constitution says.
-- Think of the Constitution as the government’s parents!
Click to return to “Principles”

19. Federalism
Is the distribution of power between the national government, the states’ governments and local governments.
Refers to the different levels within our government.

20. Federalism
Compare to a building with 3 floors …
National
State
Local

22. Federalism, cont’d.
Each level of government has its own responsibilities.
Sometimes, these responsibilities are shared or overlap [known as concurrent powers] . For example, taxes: national = income tax, state = sales tax, local = property tax

23. Sometimes, these responsibilities belong to just one level
Sometimes, these responsibilities belong to just one level. For example,
National = can declare war,
States = can determine driver’s license requirements or high school diploma requirements

24. Federalism Levels of government --- 3 layers Remember:
you are a resident of Alachua County,
a resident of the State of Florida, and
a citizen of the United States

25. Federalism National, state and local …
… governments working under one Constitution
Click here to return to “Principles” 

26. Republicanism
A form of government where the people vote for representatives to make laws and run the government on their behalf [to take care of the people]

27. Republicanism’s tie to Popular Sovereignty?
The People control the government by voting for elected representatives 
the representatives meet with other representatives to make laws for the public good 
if the representatives abuse the people, the people take back their “consent” and vote them out of office 
then the people vote for elected representatives ….
THE CYCLE PERPETUATES ITSELF!

30. Separation of Powers
Each branch of government is given an equal, but different, set of powers
The US Constitution is divided into different Articles (like chapters in your book)

31. Each of the first 3 articles deals with a different branch of government…
Article I  Legislature (Congress)
Article II  Executive (President)
Article III  Judiciary (Supreme Court and other courts)

32. Responsibilities
Each branch has a different responsibility in our government ---
Legislative branch -- makes our laws
Executive branch – enforces our laws
Judicial branch – interprets our laws

33. This diagram illustrates the separation of powers

34. Separation of Powers
Think: each branch of government not only has different powers but also different buildings!
Capitol = Legislative
White House = Executive
Supreme Court building = Judiciary

35. There’s no way you can walk into all 3 buildings at the same time!
Return to “Principles” 

36. Checks and Balances
The ability of each branch of government to oversee the other branches, to prevent abuse and to keep everything in “balance” or… No branch is superior over the other two.*****

37. Example: Congress passes a law the President thinks is wrong
Example: Congress passes a law the President thinks is wrong. The President checks Congress by …

38. Using the VETO [to refuse to sign and make into law].

39. Congress thinks the President is wrong
Congress thinks the President is wrong. Congress checks the President by …

40. Re-passing the law with a 2/3 vote or override.
The Supreme Court thinks Congress or the President is wrong. The Court can …

41. Declare the law or action unconstitutional by using judicial review to compare the law or action to what the Constitution ‘says’.
Return to TAKS question 2

42. Checks and Balances
Keeps our system even
 Return to “Principles”

44. Surprise!: Essay Prompt (14pts)
Identify and describe what you believe the purpose of government should be and why that purpose is most significant.
Explain six (6) means by which that purpose ought to be fulfilled through the application of laws, social programs or economic incentives.

45. Individual Rights Each person in the United States has rights
The Declaration of Independence spoke of
these as being
“unalienable” or
not separate from you

46. By limiting government and separating powers the Constitution provides ….
Protection
For your Rights!

47. More protection is provided by the … ah, let me think, the…

48. Bill of Rights! The First 10 amendments to the Constitution
Prohibits Congress or the national government from taking away your basic rights

49. Can you list some examples of your rights found in the Bill of Rights?

50. 1st Amendment – Freedom of Speech Freedom of the Press
Freedom of Assembly
Freedom to Petition
Free Exercise of Religion
No Government Established Religion

51. 4th Amendment – no unreasonable search without a warrant
5th Amendment – right to not incriminate yourself
6th Amendment – right to attorney

52. Wow! What a list?!
Are these the only rights you have? or

53. No!
In case they forgot to list some rights, the 9th and 10th Amendments cover all other rights not listed in Amendments Example: right to privacy

54. Are your rights absolute?
Can you exercise your rights at any time?

55. Sorry, the answer is no.
Your rights are limited by the rights of the person standing next to you.

56. Think of your rights as a bubble that walks around with you
Think of your rights as a bubble that walks around with you. When you go down the hall, your rights bump into someone else’s rights!
Return to “Principles”

57. Let’s review – Principles of Democracy are…
the rules our society used to form our government
the rules we still use today to guide us

58. Principles of Democracy include …
Popular Sovereignty
Limited Government
Individual rights
Federalism
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Republicanism

59. TAKS Practice:
No freeman shall be arrested or imprisoned or dispossessed or … in any way harmed … except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.
--- Magna Carta, 1215
Which aspect of the US government did this document most clearly influence?
A. Separation of powers
B. Guarantee of individual rights
C. Duties of the president
D. System of checks and balances

60. Sorry, A is incorrect Try again
The phrase “except by the lawful judgment of his peers” refers to trial by jury while “or by the law of the land” refers to due process. Separation of powers refers to the different duties of government’s branches.
Try again

61. Sorry, C is incorrect Try again
Look again at the words “imprisoned” and “judgment of his peers”. These words refer to being sent to prison after a jury finds one guilty. The President cannot try a person.
Try again

62. Sorry, D is incorrect. Try again
A system of checks and balances involves one person doing something and the other person seeing if it is right. When a teacher corrects your paper, he checks it for you. Here, the Magna Carta is talking about not sending someone to prison without a trial.
Try again

63. You got it!
B is correct. The excerpt is talking about the right to trial by jury and the right to due process. Both of these individual rights are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.

64. Supreme Court Reviews Bush’s Affirmative Action Plan
TAKS again:
It’s a Go!!
Supreme Court Reviews Bush’s Affirmative Action Plan
2. What principle does the headline illustrate?
A. republicanism
B. individual rights
C. limited government
D. checks and balances

65. A is not the right answer.
Republicanism involves elected representatives acting in place of the voters at home. The Supreme Court is not elected and does not directly represent the people.
Try again.

66. Sorry, B is not the right answer.
Although affirmative action is a civil right, it is not the answer because affirmative action is not the subject of the sentence [it’s the object].
Try again

67. Sorry. C is not the correct answer.
This is a close one. The federal and state governments are limited in their powers but here the action verb is “reviews”. Define judicial review Then look at what the Supreme Court is doing.
Try again

68. Terrific! D is the answer!!
The judicial branch is checking the government’s action – a plan for affirmative action to see if it follows the Constitution. The Court said this plan followed the Constitution and did not have to be changed.

69. TAKS practice:
3. When the federal courts required all public schools in all states to desegregate, Pres. Eisenhower sent troops to protect the “Little Rock Nine” and to implement the Brown decision. This action was an example of
A. federalism.
B. nullification.
C. reverse discrimination.
D. republicanism.

70. B is not the right answer.
Nullification means to declare a national law void and invalid; to make useless. Although Gov. Faubus did try to nullify the courts’ orders, the action in the question concerns Pres. Eisenhower and his troops. What did Pres. Eisenhower think was ranked higher: federal or state law?
Try again

71. Sorry. C is not the right answer.
Reverse discrimination means favoring minorities over whites. This question does not concern this issue.
Try again

72. Missed… D is not the correct answer.
Republicanism involves elected representatives acting for the people. Congress is not involved in this question. That’s okay … try again!

73. Super! You really know your government!
A is the correct answer. During integration the federal and state governments had to work together to advance civil rights. In the 1950s the federal government led the way for the states and kept the US Constitution supreme over state laws.

74. You’ve done a great job!
Complete your worksheet including the diagrams on the back. If you have any blanks or wish to review again, you may.