2. Earth & Environmental Science Unit 1
MAPS! 
Earth & Environmental Science
Unit 1

3. The science of mapmaking is called cartography.
Cartographers use an imaginary grid of parallel lines and vertical lines to locate points on Earth exactly.

4. Latitude The distance north or south of the equator
These lines run parallel to equator.
Measured in degrees..
The line of latitude around the middle of the globe, at 0 degrees is the equator and it divides the earth into two halves: the northern and southern hemispheres.
All lines of latitude are parallel to the equator.

5. **Lines of Latitude are HORIZONTAL!!**

6. Longitude The distance east or west of the equator.
These lines run perpendicular to equator, through Great Britain and Eastern Africa.
Measured in degrees.
The Prime Meridian (the line of longitude that marks 0o of longitude) and the equator divide Earth into northern and southern hemispheres.
Lines of latitude & longitude form a coordinate, which allows you to state the location of any place on Earth.

7. **Lines of Longitude are VERTICAL!!**

8. Locating Places on a Map
When trying to find a place on a map using latitude and longitude, you want to begin with latitude (N or S of the equator) and then find the longitude (E or W of the Prime Meridian).
For example, the location of New Orleans is 29°N, 90°W.

9. Locations

10. Time zones
Earth is divided into 24 time zones, each representing a different hour.
Each time zone is 15° wide corresponding roughly to lines of longitude.

11. Time Zones cont.
If it is 12 noon here where we live, what time is it in California?
If it is 8:00 am in the western most point if Australia, what time is it in the most eastern part of Australia?

12. Lose time as you travel west to east.
Time Zones cont.
Lose time as you travel west to east.
Gain time as you travel east to west.

13. Problems with maps
The Earth is a 3D object and maps are only 2D, therefore there is always going to be some degree of distortion on maps.
Globes do not have any distortion.

14. Types of Map Projections
Conic
Gnomonic
Mercator