1. Genetically Modified Organisms

2. GOAL: Change an organism to give it new traits
Benefits can include: healthier, stronger, faster growing, new variety, needed or desired traits
Possible because ALL organisms use the same genetic code

3. Artificial Selection Selectively breed organisms for a desired traits
Crops & animals have been bred by farmers
Artificial selected organisms are common

4. Biotechnology
Directly changing or manipulating an organisms DNA to make new traits.
Also called genetic engineering

7. Genomics
Sequenced and identified all of the DNA and mapped where every gene is on each chromosome

8. Proteomics Study of all the proteins and their function
Not all DNA codes for a protein (introns) Micro array
We can also study just mRNA since it directly codes for a protein

10. Genetic Engineering
If we know the protein or the mRNA sequence we can work backwards determine the gene and manipulate it by:
1) Inserting a new a gene
2) Altering a gene
3) Deleting or turning off a gene (gene knockout)

12. Recombinant DNA = DNA that contains genes from more than one organism
EX. Plasmid containing human gene for insulin
Transgenic Organisms = Organisms that contain genes from other species in their DNA
EX. Bacteria containing the recombinant DNA
Most people refer to this technique as Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)