2. LOGISTICS COMPRISES THE MEANS AND ARRANGEMENTS WHICH WORK AT THE PLANS OF STRATEGY AND TACTICS. STRATEGY DECIDES WHERE TO ACT; LOGISTICS BRINGS THE GROUPS TO THIS POINT. (JOMINI PRECIS DE K ART DEL LA GUERRA, 1838)

3. DEFINITION: AS THE ART AND SCIENCE OF MOVEMENT, MAINTANANCE & SUSTAINANCE OF TROOPS WITH COMBAT REQDS PRINCIPLES: PROVISIONING AT THE RIGHT PLACE, AT THE RIGHT QUANTITIES, & AT THE RIGHT TIME. FACTORS: FORESIGHT, FORECAST, ECONOMY, FLEXIBILITY & ACCOUNTABILITY

4. POPULATION : 800 MILLION GDP : U$ 300 BILLION 27 POOREST COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD COLONIAL HISTORY 22 MILLION DISPLACED PEOPLE INCLUDING REFUGEES UNSTABLE GOVT/REGIMES FAILED STATES

5. WEAK INSTITUTIONS AND LACK OF DEMOCRATIC CULTURE INTERNAL STRIFES

6. PROLIFERATION OF INTERNAL CONFLICTS CIVIL WARS CLAN AND ETHNIC RIVALRIES

7. UN REGIONAL INITIATIVES i.SADC ( Southern African Stand By Force) ii.EACM ( Eastern Africa Stand By Force) iii.ECOWAS (Western Africa Stand By Force) iv.ECCAS (Central Africa Stand By Force) v.ARAB MAGHREB UNION (North Africa Stand By Force)

8. BUDGETARY SUPPORT SOURCES UN AU Peace fund EU USA Canada Japan Other donors

9. DISPARITIES IN DOCTRINE Doctrine provides a common frame of reference to the military and helps to standardize operations. Most peacekeeping missions are affected due to differences between UN AU National

10. INTEROPERABILITY OF FORCES The ability of forces from different nations to work effectively within an organized structure to achieve military goals. Main challenges are in areas of: Training Doctrine Equipment Language Communication

11. WAY FORWARD Development of standard training modules for use by potential TCCs Mandatory pre-deployment training Annual Joint training by AUs Standby Forces Use of regional centres of excellence for training in peacekeeping UN and AU consider conducting workshops and seminars regularly.

12. MULTI-ETHNICITY AND MULTI-CULTURALISM Difference in work norms and behaviour Challenges in overcoming pre-existing prejudice and discrimination Language barriers and fluency The growing civilian nature of modern peace operations The role of regional organizations and related emergency of hybrid operations e.g in Darfur

13. LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE There is a significant difference in costs related to air transportation occasioned by poor or lack of infrastructure. UNMIS 2008-2009 $ 145,122,300 2009-2010 $ 156,880,700 2010-2011 $ 164,106,100 projected

14. LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE cont.. UNAMID 2008-2009 $ 163,990,100 2009-2010 $ 207,415,100 2010-2011 $ 272,347,347 projected MONUSCO 2008-2009 $ 217,054,500 2009-2010 $ 255,035,800 2010-2011 $ 273,223,100 projected

15. LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE cont.. UNMIL 2008-2009 $ 64,502,100 2009-2010 $ 53,454,700 2010-2011 $ 64,670,000 projected ONUCI 2008-2009 $48,227,700 2009-2010 $ 44668,100 2010-2011 $52,434,300 projected

16. PROBLEMS OF MANDATES Political consideration by UNSC before intervention takes time. Lack of clear, credible and achievable mandate. Lack of rapidly deployable capacity especially for start up operations. Low for levels to match mandate and reduce failure. Commensurate level of logistic support. Selection of Field Mission Leadership

17. CONVERSION: FROM CONVENTIONAL TO PEACEKEEPING ROLES RE-TRAINING : HARMONISING SOPs & DOCS, POLICING/SECURITY RE-EQUIPING - WET & DRY LEASE DIVERSITY OF CULTURES/MULTICULTURAL INTEROPERABILITY – MUTUALLY SP COHESION OF C3 SUSTAINABILITY/SUPPLY CHAIN

18. LACK OF SEA LIFT /AIR ASSETS LACK/INADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE HOST NATIONS WEAK BUDGETARY SUPPORT/FUNDING MANDATES – UN CHAP 6, 7 & 8 -MISSION CREEP

19. PERSISTENCE OF INTERNAL CONFLICTS CAUSED BY UNDER-DEVELOPMENT ISSUES, CRIPPLING POVERTY, NEGATIVE ETHNICITY, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND WEAK INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNANCE AND LACK OF DEMOCRATIC CULTURE.

20. PREPOSITIONING FORWARD LOGISTIC BASES IN SUPPORT OF STAND BY BRIGADES. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING PROMOTION OF DEMOCRACY AND RESPECT OF HUMAN RIGHTS ROBUST BUDGETARY SUPPORT BY UN & MULTILATERAL AGENCIES TO REGIONAL ORGANISATIONS.

21. QUOTE THE LINE BETWEEN DISORDER AND ORDER LIES IN LOGISTICS (SUN TZU) END ASANTE SANA (THANK YOU)