1. ESL Reading: Knowledge, Strategies and Techniques
Fred Carrigg, Special Assistant to the Commissioner for Urban Literacy
11/30/2018

2. Reading is a response to a visual symbol superimposed on auditory language (Myklebust, 1967)
11/30/2018

3. The Process (Thonis) See print (print rich environment)
Transform print into recognizable sounds and arrangements of sounds (decoding)
Relate what has been recognized to experience (prior knowledge, topics, vocabulary)
Make the speech-print connection (code-meaning)
Store the print and the associations for further use (meaning and learning)
11/30/2018

4. Success depends on: 1. number and quality of stored experience
2. General level of oral language development
3. Suitability of instructional program (comprehensible input)
4. Interest, motivation, and intelligence
11/30/2018

5. Oral Language Development (ESL)
OLD must precede decoding
Phonology
Vocabulary
Topic (cultural differences)
11/30/2018

6. Phonics
Transform print into recognizable sounds and arrangements of sounds (decoding)
English is CVC (Consonant, vowel, consonant)
Spanish is CVCV (Consonant, vowel, consonant, vowel)
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7. CVC v CVCV English Spanish house casa touch toca run corre hand mano
speak habla
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8. Read ME!
I cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdgnieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer inwaht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig uh? yaeh and I awlyas thought slpeling was ipmorantt!
11/30/2018

9. Relating to Known Vocabulary and Stored Experiences
Socio-economics
Vernacular English
NELB
DO: Do: OLD, Semantic Maps, Concept Maps, etc that preview critical vocabulary, Leveled readers
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10. Successful decoding is not Reading..
Extant
Hardstand
Haploid
Lucubrate
Mufti
11/30/2018

11. Reading for context clues
The crocodile is worthy of admiration in that it is extant.
The hardstand must be replaced. It is simply so damaged that it is now dangerous.
Haploids are less likely to mutate.
Given no other choice, Cervantes was forced to lucubrate.
Disguised in mufti, the man shocked the crowd when he pulled a gun.
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12. Multiple Unknowns
The gobbledorph drined a bleen in the shile to rend its crill.
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13. WH Questions 1. What drined the bleen?
2. What did the gobbledorph drine?
3. Where did the gobbledorph drine the bleen?
4. Why did the gobbledorph drine the bleen in the shile?
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14. Interest and Motivation
All children want to communicate, meaning and message
Do: Choose stories, exercises that center on students’ needs
Do: LEA Approach – Illustrate, Label, Write to read
11/30/2018

15. Multiple Entry Points
Identify (assess) where the student is in the second language acquisition process and in the reading process.
Provide appropriate (pre)reading strategies, techniques, materials
11/30/2018

16. Reading Programs: What we Know:
Native Language Instruction is preferred (especially grades k and 1)
Second Language only programs can be successful, but they carry a higher risk of reading problems
Key to transfer and ESL only is background knowledge and vocabulary in English
11/30/2018