1. Cell Structure, Types, Organelles

2. 1665-
__________________
used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork and saw “little boxes”
Robert Hooke
He called them “CELLS” because they looked like the small rooms that monks lived in called Cells
Microscope image: Cork image:
Hooke image:

3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1673- _________________________
a Dutch microscope maker was the first to see LIVING ORGANISMS.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Microscope/Leeuwenhoek image: Animation from:

4. 1838- ALL PLANTS are made of cells 1839- ALL ANIMALS are made of cells
1855- Medical doctor saw
dividing cells in the microscope and
reasoned that cells come from other cells
Plant image: Schleiden image:

5. Introduction to Cells Cell Theory All living things are MADE OF CELLS
Cells are the basic unit of STRUCTURE & FUNCTION in an organism. (cell = basic unit of LIFE)
3. Cells come from the reproduction of EXISTING cells

6. Why are cells so small? Make more complex organisms
Large Surface area to volume ratio
Be more efficient
Can transport materials across the cell membrane faster.
Can transport water across the cell membrane faster.

7. CELL SIZE
Typical cells range from: 5 – 50 micrometers (microns) in diameter

8. Number of Cells Organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell
Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize

9. Introduction to Cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Pro – Contains DNA
no nucleus
No membrane bound organelles
Bacteria
Eu –
Contains DNA IN nucleus
Contains membrane bound organelles
Plants, fungi & animals

10. Introduction to Cells Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Animal Cell Plant Cell
Bacterial Cell

11. Prokaryotes Nucleoid region contains the DNA Cell membrane & cell wall
Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm

12. Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Usually square or rectangle
Usually round

13. Similarities between plant cells and animal cells
Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria

14. Differences between plant cells and animal cells
Relatively smaller in size
Relatively larger in size
Irregular shape
Regular shape
No cell wall
Cell wall present

15. Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells
Vacuole small or absent
Large central vacuole
Glycogen as food storage
Starch as food storage
Nucleus at the center
Nucleus near cell wall

16. Organelles found in ALL EUKARYOTES
Found in cells.
Have specific functions for keeping the cell alive & making proteins

17. Cytoplasm -Jelly like substance within the membrane. -Contains all the
organelles.

18. Nucleus -Controls the normal activities of the cell -Contains the DNA
(chromosomes)

19. Nucleolus
-Found inside the
nucleus
- Makes ribosomes.

20. Ribosomes
-Ribosomes – Make proteins.

21. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface & assembles proteins.
Smooth ER does not have ribosomes on its surface.

22. Golgi Apparatus/Bodies
Receives modified proteins from ER
Packages and ships proteins (ribosomes)
Transport vesicle

23. Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html
See a Golgi movie

24. Mitochondria -Site of Cellular respiration
-Converts sugars into ATP (energy for the cell)

25. Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes
Breaks down food and worn out cell parts for cells

26. Cell Membrane Cell membrane
-Made of phospholipids, protein, and carbs.
-Selectively permeable
-Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell

27. Different kinds of animal cells

28. Different kinds of plant cells

29. Plant Cell Organelles Chloroplast
Contain the green pigment chlorophyll
Traps sunlight to make to make sugars (food)
Process called photosynthesis

30. Plant Cell Cell wall Dead layer
Large empty spaces present between cellulose fibers
Strong and rigid
Freely permeable