1. COMMUNITIES AND BIOMES

2. Biology /15/ Mrs. Turgeon
“ How wonderful it is that nobody need wait a single moment before starting to improve the world.” – Anne Frank
DO NOW:
Pass forward your HW: “T” notes for 3.1 and 3.2
Have your binder out on your desk for the binder check
AGENDA:
1. Learn about the Biomes of the World through a Gallery Walk

3. Biology /16/ Mrs. Turgeon
“Think of all the beauty still left around you and be happy.” – Anne Frank
DO NOW: 1.
AGENDA:
Go over ecology quiz
Take notes

4. Biology /17/ Mrs. Turgeon
“Laziness may appear attractive, but work gives satisfaction.” – Anne Frank DO NOW: AGENDA:

5. Biology /18/ Mrs. Turgeon
“The final forming of a person’s character lies in their own hands.” – Anne Frank DO NOW: AGENDA:

6. Ch. 3.1: Communities What is a community?
all the interacting biotic factors in an area; all the different species
How is a community different than an ecosystem?
Focuses on biotic AND abiotic factors in an area
What are some limiting factors that may have an effect on the living organisms in this desert community?

7. Limiting Factors Sunlight Temperature Water Soil nutrients/chemistry
# of other individuals (shelter/food/protection)
Food source

8. What is tolerance?
Ability of an organism to withstand fluctuations of biotic and abiotic factors
What temperature range would you want to stay within for optimal plant growth?
What is the temperature range you need to stay within to ensure the plants grow? (This is the range of tolerance)

9. Succession It is a process
By definition: orderly changes & species replacement of communities in ecosystems
You determine the type of succession by looking at the starting point

10. Ask yourself  What was there before?
Succession
The steps of primary and secondary succession are identical with the exception of how they begin.
Ask yourself  What was there before?
Absolutely nothing.
Primary
Colonization of barren land (NEW land w/ no soil)
Things used to be there, but are gone.
Secondary
Soil is already present
There were living organisms on the land before

11. Primary Succession = colonization of barren land by communities of organisms
1. New land is formed
3. Decayed pioneer species build up and create soil
Lava flow, lichen (algae & fungus), a Galapagos island
2. Pioneer species (ex. lichens) take hold
4. Once soil is formed, is the same as secondary succession

12. Secondary Succession
Sequence of changes after an existing community is destroyed/damaged/abandoned
Mount St. Helens

13. Once soil has been established…
Succession follows the same pattern (whether it started as primary or secondary)
Goes through a series of changes until a stable, climax community is reached

14. The Indiana Dunes are an example of primary succession

15. Biomes
Ch. 3, Sec. 2

16. What’s a Biome?
Large group of ecosystems that share the same type of climax community

17. Aquatic Biomes Approx. 75% of Earth’s surface is covered by water
Mostly salt water

18. 1. Marine Biomes = oceans, can be very shallow (surface of ocean) or very deep (bottom of ocean)
Photic Zone = portion of marine biome that is shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate
Aphotic Zone = deep water that never receives sunlight

19. 2. Estuaries = mixture of freshwater & ocean water; where rivers meet the ocean
Sea grass, mangroves

20. 3. Intertidal Zone = portion of shoreline between high and low tide

21. 4. Freshwater Biomes = lakes, ponds, rivers
Lake Victoria, Amazon river

22. Terrestrial Biomes

23. Rainfall varies from biome to biome, resulting in different adaptations in species

24. Tundra Cold temperatures Low precipitation (less than 100cm/year)
Layer of permafrost, only plants with shallow roots can grow
Short growing season

25. Taiga
Cold, more precipitation than tundra
Characteristic species of plant: conifers (trees that produce cones)
Soil has poor minerals

26. Less than 25cm of annual rainfall
Desert
Less than 25cm of annual rainfall
Tend to be very warm, but can be very cold as well
Adaptations for living in the desert
Plants = spine, waxy coating, toxins
Animals = nocturnal activity, venom, require less water
Kangaroo rat, cactus, rattlesnake

27. Grassland (prairies and savannas) 25-75cm of rainfall
Grasses are predominant species
Soil is rich in nutrients
Supports trees and shrubs
Usually near bodies of water
Many grazing herbivores
Prairie, Savannah, Steppe

28. Temperate Forests
Trees lose their leaves each year
Precipitation of cm /year

29. High level of precipitation Warmer temperature
Rain Forests
High level of precipitation
Warmer temperature
High level of biodiversity found in tropical & temperate (moderate climate) areas
Jaguar, poison dart frog, sloth

30. Practice
How are organisms in the photic zone and aphotic zone interdependent?
(Hint: Think about what grows in the photic zone, what supports the base of ecological pyramids? What happens if a population of one species grows out of control?)