1. The Revolution will not be televised!
Chapter 8

2. GW gets a job 1775 Second Continental Congress meets 13 colonies
Still not sure about independence
Elect GW head of army
Had good leadership qualities and people followed him
Moral force
Served without pay
He was a political choice to get S on board

3. Bunker Hill/Hessians War April 1775-July 1776
Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold have early victories at Ticonderoga and Crown Point
Got us gunpowder we needed to attack Boston
Bunker Hill, Brits take us head on, mowed down by sharpshooters US runs out of bullets

4. Olive Branch 1775 following Bunker: Olive Branch Petition
US loyal, just want a few things
George III slammed door
Said colonies officially in rebellion
Anyone in Rebellion can be hanged
Hired Hessians (some stayed in US!)

5. Fighting in Canada Oct. 1775 British burned Falmouth(Portland) Maine
Rebels two pronged invasion of Canada
Rebels thought French Canadians would join them…Oops
Rebels under Montgomery and Arnold made it to Quebec but were defeated, no French help
British took Norfolk, Boston (Evacuation Day)
Colonists successful in South
Still not sure if they wanted Independence!
Fighting in Canada

6. Thomas Paine Strong loyalty, hard to break Not a lot of unity
Fear of punishment
British acts of war turned people
Hessian hiring
1776 Common Sense Published
Why should a smaller body rule a larger one?

7. Paine and Republicanism
Not just for independence but creation of a new society: Republic
Power from people
Made sense to many in England too
Colonies already practicing shared powers
Not sure how: would anyone be allowed to rule? Aristocracy only?
Paine and Republicanism

8. Independence June 7 1776 Lee put idea of Ind. Forward Adopted July 2
TJ writes a draft
Quoted thinkers of the enlightenment: Locke, Montesquieu,
Intro, grievances
After we were indp. We could get foreign help
Independence

9. Patriots and Loyalists
Loyalists (Tories) vs. Rebels (Patriots/Whigs)
Revolution minority movement
Had to fight a war for the hearts and minds and on the field
US army spread political message as well as bullets
Families divided
Upper class and older tended to remain loyal
Those who benefitted from crown
Anglican
Pennsylvania, NY, Charleston
Young more militant
More prominent in NE
Presbyterian and Congregationalist

10. After declaration persecution of loyalists more rampant
Beaten, harassed
No wholesale reign of terror
80,000 fled
Several hundred allowed to stay
Estates confiscated
Confiscation
50k served in Brit army
Spies
Inciting Natives
Loyalist Exodus

11. GW stuck NY became target after Boston GW only have 18,000
Lost at Long Island
GW escaped to Jersey
Howe did not chase
GW crossed to Trenton and captured Hessians Dec 1776
Then won at Princeton
GW stuck

12. Burgoyne 1777 Brits try to cut off NE
Burgoyne from N, and Howe up from NY, then Leger from W
Arnold saves the day by using up British time
Burgoyne had to wait, and when he did come had too much baggage
Howe did not follow plan and went after Philly
GW was defeated, but Howe decided to party in Philly
Burgoyne harassed by Arnold all the way
Burgoyne had to surrender at Saratoga
Allows for French
Burgoyne

13. Revolution in Diplomacy?
France ready to give Brits a hard time
US wanted help, but also wanted an end to colonialism/merc
Only wanted to get involved for Commercial reasons
Would not get wrapped up in the pomp and circumstance
Franklin got treaty of alliance when Brit offered US home rule
Revolution in Diplomacy?

14. Now a World War 1778 England and France at war now
Spain and Holland 1779
1780 League of Armed Neutrality: Catherine the Great
No trading with Brit
England can’t give full focus to Rev. due to probs in Europe
Now a World War

15. Blow and Counterblow 1780 American morale better with French
Then news of Arnold, was going to sell out West Point
Britain then focused on South
Georgia and then up to SC, Charleston fell
Fighting Quaker: Greene held off in Carolina
Blow and Counterblow

16. Frontier Natives attacking on frontier 1777 Bloody year on frontier
Most of Iroquois with Brits
Chief Joseph Brant
Penn/NY was frontier
Fort Stanwix: Treaty with Brit Iroquois, gave up their land
In Illinois, Colonies attack Brit outposts under Clark
Frontier

17. Navy Navy laying foundation John Paul Jones Not a big dent, but helped
Privateers
Attacked and got goods
Navy

18. Yorktown 1780-1 Tough times Running out of money
Then Cornwallis gets trapped in Chesapeake
De Grasse in water, GW coming down and met Rochambeau
Surrender at Yorktown Oct
Some fighting continues as treaty hammered out
Yorktown

19. Franklin, J Adams, and Jay in Paris ready to make treaty.
Sup to check with French
Wanted to be free from everyone, so we made treaty
Paris 1783
Land was handed over, and Colonists promised to leave Loyalists alone
We said we would pay debts and visa versa
Peace at Paris

20. New Nation Brit generous to keep US away from France
America gained the most from the treaty, now what would happen?