2. ( )

3. Real Name: Eric Blair
British Political Novelist
Born: To English parents in India

4. After his father retired, Eric and his family moved back to England.

5. He was sent to boarding school at the age of eight to prepare for Eton, an exclusive prep school.
Because he had a scholarship, he was teased and humiliated frequently.
                                     

6.                                           At eighteen, he passed the Empire’s Civil Service Exam and became a police officer in Burma.          

7. 1927
Returned in Europe

8. He chose to live in poverty because he felt guilty for the job he had
done in Burma -
for having been a
part of an oppressive government.

9. oppressed and helpless
He saw poverty
as a way to
understand the
problems of the
oppressed and helpless
by becoming
one of them.

10. Orwell was a Socialist
Socialist: someone who believes that the government should own businesses so that everyone will be equal

11. Two Things That
Influenced Orwell
To Write
Animal Farm:
His hatred for:
Injustice
Political Lying

12. in which separate classes
He desired a society
in which separate classes
would not exist.

13. His second
famous book:

14. It's a Fable It's an Allegory
Most fables have two levels of meaning. On the surface, the fable is about animals. But on a second level, the animals stand for types of people or ideas. The way the animals interact and the way the plot unfolds says something about the nature of people or the value of ideas. Any type of fiction that has multiple levels of meaning in this way is called an allegory.

15. It's a Satire
A composition making fun of something, usually political.
Animal Farm makes fun of political society after the Bolshevik Revolution.

16. Historical Context
Russian society in the early twentieth century had two social classes: a tiny minority (bourgeoisie) controlled the country’s wealth.
The working class was called the proletariat.

17. Communism arose in Russia when the nation’s workers & peasants rebelled against and overwhelmed the wealthy and powerful class of capitalists & aristocrats.

18. This was based
on Karl Marx and his

19. The call for
action was . . .

20. Tsar Nicholas II,
monarch of Russia,
was forced
to abdicate
the throne.

21. His daughter,
Anastasia, was
lost.

22. Lenin, a Russian
revolutionary,
took power
in the name of
the
Communist
Party.

23. When Lenin died,
Joseph Stalin &
Leon Trotsky
competed for
control of the
Soviet Union.

24. Stalin banished
Trotsky &
took control.
He began his
brutal killings,
overseeing the
deaths of
approximately
twenty million
Soviet citizens.

25. Themes
1. Freedom &
individual dignity
must be guarded
very carefully.

26. Themes
2. Language is a
powerful tool;
used improperly,
it can enslave
and confuse us.

27. Themes
3. Weakness can be
dominated by
strength, fear,
and trickery.

28. Themes
4. Hope & vision
must be kept alive,
or we might
live like the
animals of
Manor Farm.

29. Themes
5. Power corrupts,
and absolute power
corrupts
absolutely.

30. Characters Farmer Jones A drunk and a poor farmer,
his cruelty towards the farm animals
inspires their rebellion.

31. Characters Snowball A clever pig with a head for ideas,
                              
Snowball A clever pig with a head for ideas,
he becomes one of the main
leaders of Animal Farm and
the author of its central commandments.

32. Characters Napoleon A pig with a gift for techniques of control,
                      
Napoleon A pig with a gift for techniques of control,
he establishes most of the
farm’s rules and eventually
becomes its sole leader.

33. Characters Old Major An elderly show pig whose
                      
Old Major An elderly show pig whose
instruction to the animals
about "animalism" becomes
the philosophical basis
for the creation of Animal Farm.

34. Characters Squealer A pig with the ability to make any
                      
Squealer A pig with the ability to make any
idea sound reasonable,
he is Napoleon's side-kick
and is in charge of communicating
to the animals.

35. Characters Boxer A strong and hard-working carthorse,
                      
Boxer A strong and hard-working carthorse,
he shows tremendous
faith in the rebellion and its leaders.