2. Overall Characteristics
Ectothermic
Body temp. changes with the temp. of the surroundings
“Cold-Blooded’
Gills
Used to breathe – water into mouth & out gills

3. Scales Protect the body Slime Layer
- Protects against bacteria and viruses

4. Fins -
for swimming

6. Lateral Line Runs along each side of body.
Important sense organ that detects water movement and pressure

8. External Fish Anatomy

9. Internal Fish Anatomy

10. SPAWNING
The process of spawning typically involves females releasing eggs into the water, while males release sperm (milt) to fertilize the eggs.

11. Fish Reproduction
There are two main reproduction methods in fish. The first method is by laying eggs and the second by live- bearing (producing their young alive).

12. Livebearers

13. Fish Reproduction
Most fishes are egg-layers, but many bear living young. Live- bearing fishes may be ovoviviparous, in which the eggs essentially simply hatch within the female
Over 97% of all known fish are oviparous, that is, the eggs develop outside the mother's body.

14. Fish Reproduction
Viviparous, in which the unborn young are supplied nourishment through the mother's tissues. Giving birth to living offspring that develop within the mother's body.

15. Fish Reproduction
In the most common form, heterosexual reproduction, there are separate male and female parents.

16. Fish Reproduction
In hermaphroditic reproduction, a single fish is both male and female, produces both eggs and sperm (either at the same time or at different times).

17. Some hermaphrodites: both male & female gonads
Simultaneous herma – male & fem. systems present at same time
Sea Bass
Sequential herma – 1st one sex, then the other
Barramundi

18. Fish Reproduction
In parthenogenetic reproduction, unfertilized eggs develop into embryos.

19. Fish Reproduction Abandon the eggs.
Build nests and care for both the eggs and newly hatched young.
Carrying the eggs

20. Male & Female Mandarin Fish
REPRODUCTION
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Usually separate sexes
Male & Female Mandarin Fish

21. Wrasse

22. Grunion (Pacific Coast)
Produce gametes at certain time; triggered by day length, temp, availability of food, tides etc.
Grunion (Pacific Coast)

23. Grunion Run

24. 3 CLASSES OF FISH Class Agnatha No jaws, no scales
Skeleton of cartilage
Primitive fish
Ex: lampreys, hagfish

25. Class Chondrichthyes
Skeleton of cartilage
Rigid fins
Gill slits
Ex: sharks, rays

26. Class Osteichthyes
Skeleton of bone
Gill covering = operculum
Swim bladder (helps float)
Ex: bony fish

27. BEHAVIOR Used to: Adapt to light & currents
Find food/shelter; avoid enemies
Court & reproduce

28. TERRITORIALITY
Home areas defended against intruders; crowded envs w/limited resources
Clown fish guarding her anemone

29. Aggressive behaviors = bluffing
Raised fins, open mouth, rapid darting

30. Sounds – grinding teeth, drum bladders
Croaker
Alone, male & female, groups

31. SCHOOLING
Throughout life: herring, mackerel

32. Part-time: as juvenile; for feeding

33. Usually same size; perfect unison
Protection
Increase swimming efficiency
Feeding/Mating

34. MIGRATION
Mass movement from one place to another

35. Why?
Feeding- Ex: tuna
Atlantic blue finned tuna

36. Reproduction
Anadromous – SW; FW to breed
Salmon

37. Catadromous – FW; SW to breed
Eel

38. FEEDING
Most carnivorous

39. ADAPTATIONS
Attackers – streamlined, quick bursts of speed, sharp teeth curved backwards

40. Sit & Wait – camouflaged, partially bury
Lizardfish

41. STARGAZER

42. Aggressive mimicry - modified spine on head to lure small fish
Splitlure frogfish

43. Frogfish

44. DEEP SEA ANGLER FISH

45. Suctorial feeders – tubelike snouts & small mouths
Pipefish

46. Seahorse

47. Forceps Butterflyfish

49. Grubbers - bottom feeders w/downward mouth,
Grubbers - bottom feeders w/downward mouth, barbels to detect buried prey (crust/worms)

50. Grazers – continual browsing like sheep/cows
Coral eaters w/beak-like mouth
Parrotfish

51. Plankton eaters swim w/open mouth, trap plankton on gill rakers

53. Northern Anchovy